Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS1.0344 and Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS1.0901 Mixture Prevents Chronic Alcoholic Liver Injury in Mice by Protecting the Intestinal Barrier and Regulating Gut Microbiota and Liver-Related Pathways

Abstract

Health and wellbeing are significantly impaired by alcoholic liver disease (ALD), and although some lactic acid bacteria strains have been shown previously to relieve ALD symptoms, the mechanisms behind these effects are still unclear. Here, the Lieber–DeCarli liquid diet containing alcohol was fed to C57BL/6J mice for 6 weeks to build a chronic alcoholic liver lesion model to study the protective effects and possible mechanisms of Lactobacillus mixture (Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS1.0344 and Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS1.0901). The results showed that Lactobacillus mixture improved intestinal epithelial permeability and reduced the serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. Furthermore, Lactobacillus mixture inhibited liver lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation by regulating AMPK, Nrf-2, and TLR4/NF-κB pathways. Importantly, the Lactobacillus mixture modulated the gut microbiota, resulting in increased short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers and decreased Gram-negative bacteria. Taken together, these findings indicated that the Lactobacillus mixture could positively regulate the gut microbiota, causing increased levels of SCFAs, which inhibited alcohol-induced liver lipid accumulation and oxidative stress through the gut–liver axis. Moreover, following administration of the Lactobacillus mixture, the improvement of intestinal epithelial permeability and the reduction of Gram-negative bacteria led to the decrease of LPS entering the portal vein, thereby inhibiting alcohol-induced liver inflammation.

Daily Dose of Bovine Lactoferrin Prevents Ethanol‐Induced Liver Injury and Death in Male Mice by Regulating Hepatic Alcohol Metabolism and Modulating Gut Microbiota

“…Supplement of Lactobacillus or Akkermansia is beneficial to improve alcoholic‐associated liver disease. [ 52,54,55 ] Interestingly, our results consistently found that LLf treatment significantly promoted Lactobacillus and Akkermansia richness, which might be one reason why LLf was able to prevent ALI. However, compared with LLf group, not only was the richness of these two bacteria not furtherly increased, but even decreased in HLf group, suggesting that the modulation of Lf to gut microbiota was not in a dose‐dependent manner, and higher Lf intake even might lead to a lower benefit.…”

“…Previous studies reported that alcohol feeding caused a reduction in Bacteroidetes and an increase in Firmicutes, [ 9 ] which was furtherly supported by our study. Additionally, we found that EtOH feeding elevated the relative abundances of some potentially harmful genera (e.g., Clostriodum [ 50 ] and Firmicutes [ 51 ] ) and decreased the relative abundances of some potentially beneficial genera (e.g., Allobaculum [ 52,53 ] and Lactobacillus [ 54 ] ). Supplement of Lactobacillus or Akkermansia is beneficial to improve alcoholic‐associated liver disease.…”

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Combined With Lactobacillus fermentum TKSN041 Reduces the Photoaging Damage in Murine Skin by Activating AMPK Signaling Pathway

“…AMPK relies on the metabolites and common substrates associated with ATP metabolism, while NMN accelerates ATP production by promoting NAD + synthesis (Hsu and Burkholder, 2016). On the other hand, studies have verified that Lactobacillus can positively regulate the intestinal microbiota, reduce the number of gram-negative bacteria, and increase the level of short-chain fatty acids, and they also have the ability to activate the AMPK pathway in mammalian cell cultures via phosphorylation (Lew et al, 2020;Li et al, 2021). Although there are many studies on lactic acid bacteria and NMN that activate AMPK signaling pathways alone, there are few studies on the combination of these two substances to activate AMPK.…”

Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 Alleviates Renal Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury Through Antioxidant Stress and Anti-inflammatory Responses and Improves Intestinal Microbial Distribution

“…VSL#3 probiotics alleviate renal IRI by maintaining the required number of beneficial intestinal flora and inhibiting the proliferation of harmful bacteria ( 23 ). From a recent study, oral L. acidophilus modulated the intestinal flora structure and composition, thereby increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and reducing the number of Gram-negative bacteria to prevent chronic alcoholic liver injury in mice ( 24 ). Therefore, we suspected that ATCC 4356 alleviated renal IRI, which may be related to the intestinal flora.…”