Lactobacillus reuteri TSR332 and Lactobacillus fermentum TSF331 stabilize serum uric acid levels and prevent hyperuricemia in rats

Abstract

Background Uric acid (UA) is the end product of purine metabolism in the liver and is excreted by the kidneys. When purine metabolism is impaired, the serum UA level will be elevated (hyperuricemia) and eventually lead to gout. During evolution, humans and some primates have lost the gene encoding uricase, which is vital in UA metabolism. With the advances of human society, the prevalence of hyperuricemia has dramatically increased because of the refined food culture. Hyperuricemia can be controlled by drugs, such as allopurinol and probenecid. However, these drugs have no preventive effect and are associated with unpleasant side effects. An increasing number of probiotic strains, which are able to regulate host metabolism and prevent chronic diseases without harmful side effects, have been characterized. The identification of probiotic strains, which are able to exert beneficial effects on UA metabolism, will provide an alternative healthcare strategy for patients with hyperuricemia, especially for those who are allergic to anti-hyperuricemia drugs. Methods To elicit hyperuricemia, rats in the symptom control group (HP) were injected with potassium oxonate and fed a high-purine diet. Rats in the probiotic groups received the high-purine diet, oxonate injection, and supplements of probiotic strains TSR332, TSF331, or La322. Rats in the blank control group (C) received a standard diet (AIN-93G) and oxonate injection. Results Purine-utilizing strains of probiotics were screened using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in vitro, and the lowering effect on serum UA levels was analyzed in hyperuricemia rats in vivo. We found that Lactobacillus reuteri strain TSR332 and Lactobacillus fermentum strain TSF331 displayed significantly strong assimilation of inosine (90%; p = 0.00003 and 59%; p = 0.00545, respectively) and guanosine (78%; p = 0.00012 and 51%; p = 0.00062, respectively) within 30 min in vitro. Further animal studies revealed that serum UA levels were significantly reduced by 60% (p = 0.00169) and 30% (p = 0.00912), respectively, in hyperuricemic rats treated with TSR332 and TSF331 for 8 days. Remarkably, TSR332 ameliorated the occurrence of hyperuricemia, and no evident side effects were observed. Overall, our study indicates that TSR332 and TSF331 are potential functional probiotic strains for controlling the development of hyperuricemia.

RETRACTED: Lactobacillus paracasei X11 Ameliorates Hyperuricemia and Modulates Gut Microbiota in Mice

“…Kuo et al. reported that Lactobacillus reuteri TSR332 and Lactobacillus fermentum TSF331 stabilized serum UA levels and prevented HUA in rats ( 29 ). In addition, prophylactic treatment with Lactobacillus brevis DM9218-A decreased UA concentration in HUA rats ( 30 ).…”

“…Wu et al found that Limosilactobacillus fermentum JL-3 reduced UA levels in mice and regulated the structure of gut microbial (19). Kuo et al reported that Lactobacillus reuteri TSR332 and Lactobacillus fermentum TSF331 stabilized serum UA levels and prevented HUA in rats (29). In addition, prophylactic treatment with Lactobacillus brevis DM9218-A decreased UA concentration in HUA rats (30).…”

RETRACTED: Effect and Potential Mechanism of Lactobacillus plantarum Q7 on Hyperuricemia in vitro and in vivo

“…Then, 20 μl mixed solution was extracted and analyzed by HPLC (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) (Chromatographic column: ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18, 4.6 × 250 mm, 5-Micron; UV detection wavelength: 254 nm; Mobile phase: 20 mmol/L isogradient phosphate-buffered solution; Flow rate: 1 ml/min; Elution time: 45 min; Column temperature: 25°C). Corresponding results were calculated by the following formula ( 20 ):…”

The potential of probiotics in the amelioration of hyperuricemia

“…To our knowledge, Lactobacillus is the main category of probiotic microorganisms that ameliorates hyperuricemia. Specifically, Lactobacillus plantarum , 22,23 Lactobacillus reuteri , 24 Lactobacillus fermentum , 25 Lactobacillus brevis 26 and Lactobacillus gasseri 27,28 are species that can reduce the levels of serum uric acid through different pathways. Probiotic strategies to ameliorate hyperuricemia aim to reduce UA biosynthesis and promote UA secretion.…”