<i>Legionella anisa</i>
            , a Possible Indicator of Water Contamination by
            <i>Legionella pneumophila</i>

Mee-Marquet, Nathalie van der; Domelier, Anne-Sophie; Arnault, Laurence; Bloc, D.; Laudat, Patrice; Hartemann, Philippe; Quentin, Roland

doi:10.1128/jcm.44.1.56-59.2006

Cited by 41 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In one of the houses from this study, L. anisa was detected in samples from bathtub water, an aquarium, and a pump hose. Based on a report by van der Mee-Marquet et al [34] that L. anisa could be an indicator of water contamination by L. pneumophila, our results additionally suggest that L. pneumophila may also be able to grow in these environments. Leftover water in the bathtub was reused in the washing machine to wash clothes or to change aquarium water in the house.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Legionellaprevalence and risk of legionellosis in Japanese households

et al. 2017

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This study determined the occurrence of legionellae in private houses for which there were no available data on aquatic environments other than the water supply system. From June 2013 to November 2014, we collected 138 water and 90 swab samples from aquatic environments in 19 houses. Legionella DNA was detected via a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay in 66 (47·8%) water and 17 (18·9%) swab samples. High Legionella DNA detection rates were observed in water samples from washing machines and aquariums. Legionella spp. was isolated from 9 (6·5%) water and 3 (3·3%) swab samples. Legionella pneumophila SG 1 was detected from the outlet water of a bathtub spout and a bath sponge. Use of amoebic co-culture effectively increased legionellae and Legionella DNA detection rates from all sample types. A logistic regression analysis revealed that the heterotrophic plate count was significantly related to Legionella contamination. Our findings indicate that there is a risk of legionellosis from exposure to Legionella spp. in a variety of aquatic environments in residential houses. Control measures for legionellae in houses should include frequent cleaning and disinfecting to reduce heterotrophic bacteria in water and, where possible, preventing aerosolization from aquatic environments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Legionellaprevalence and risk of legionellosis in Japanese households

et al. 2017

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“…Although Legionella spp. was less frequent, it has previously been reported to cause infection in immunocompromised patients (Van der Mee-Marquet et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Opportunistic pathogens relative to physicochemical factors in water storage tanks

Al-Bahry

Elshafie

Victor

et al. 2011

Journal of Water and Health

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Household water in Oman, as well as in other countries in the region, is stored in tanks placed on house roofs that can be subjected to physicochemical factors which can promote microbial growth, including pathogens and opportunistic pathogens which pose health risks. Water samples were collected from 30 houses in a heavily populated suburb of Muscat. The tanks used were either glass reinforced plastic (GRP), polyethylene or galvanised iron (GI). Heterotrophic bacteria, coliforms, faecal coliforms and iron sulphur bacteria varied significantly in the three tanks. Yeast and mould count showed significant variations. Isolation of Aeromonas spp., fluorogenic and pathogenic Pseudomonas, Pasteurella, Salmonella, Serratia and Tatumella, and Yersinia and Legionella in biofilms varied in the three tanks. The fungi isolates in the three tanks were Penicillium, Cladosporium and Aspergillus. Nephelometric turbidity unit, threshold odour number and free chlorine varied significantly in the three tanks. True colour unit values did not show a significant difference; however, GRP tanks had algae, autotrophic and pigmented microorganisms. In addition, GI tanks had sediments and corrosion. The results of this investigation are important to evaluate the status of the present household water tanks in countries with high annual temperatures, which may affect public health.

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“…The other studies have identified L. anisa as the cause of Pontiac fever (13,14) or hospital-acquired LD (5,14,43). The detection of L. anisa in water samples should be considered an indication that the water system has been colonized by Legionella species, including L. pneumophila (49,53). The other Legionella species may prove important in the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia, thus underscoring the need for diagnostic studies, including culture, serology, urinary antigen testing, or gene detection for Legionella species other than L. pneumophila sg 1 (33,53).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution ofLegionellaSpecies from Environmental Water Sources of Public Facilities and Genetic Diversity ofL. pneumophilaSerogroup 1 in South Korea

Lee

Shim

Kim

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A total of 560 Legionella species were isolated from environmental water sources from public facilities from June to September 2008 throughout South Korea. The distribution of Legionella isolates was investigated according to geographical region, facility type, and sample type. The genetic diversity of 104 isolates of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (sg 1) was analyzed by sequence-based typing (SBT). L. pneumophila was distributed broadly throughout Korea, accounting for 85.0% of the isolates, and L. pneumophila sg 1 predominated in all of the public facilities except for the springs. Legionella anisa and Legionella bozemanii predominated among non-L. pneumophila species (48.1% and 21.0%, respectively). The second most dominant strain differed depending on the facility type: L. anisa was the second most dominant strain in the buildings (10.8%), L. pneumophila sg 5 in public baths (21.6%), L. pneumophila sg 6 in factories (12.0%), and L. pneumophila sg 7 in hospitals (13.1%). In the SBT analysis, 104 L. pneumophila sg 1 isolates were differentiated into 26 sequence types (STs) and categorized into 3 clonal groups (CGs) and 10 singleton STs via the eBURST V3 program. ST1, a potential founder of major CG1, was commonly distributed (48.1%). The dominant ST in hot water was ST-K1 (7, 12, 17, 3, 35, 11, 11), which was designated in this study (36.1%). The second most dominant strain differed depending on the type of facility from which the samples were obtained. The unique allelic profile of ST-K1, obtained from hot water, was not found in the European Working Group for Legionella Infections (EWGLI) SBT database.

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Legionella anisa , a Possible Indicator of Water Contamination by Legionella pneumophila

Cited by 41 publications

References 32 publications

Legionellaprevalence and risk of legionellosis in Japanese households

Legionellaprevalence and risk of legionellosis in Japanese households

Opportunistic pathogens relative to physicochemical factors in water storage tanks

Distribution ofLegionellaSpecies from Environmental Water Sources of Public Facilities and Genetic Diversity ofL. pneumophilaSerogroup 1 in South Korea

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