Lycium barbarum polysaccharides ameliorate LPS‐induced inflammation of RAW264.7 cells and modify the behavioral score of peritonitis mice

Abstract

In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) and the possible molecular mechanism thereof were examined, so as to perceive the pharmacological action of LBP. With acute peritonitis in mice as the inflammatory model, the protective effect of LBP on peritonitis mice was evaluated by recording the effect of behavioral scores, studying the pathological damage of intestine and liver, and detecting the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, by establishing an lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage model, the effect of LBP on RAW264.7 cell phenotype and culture supernatant inflammatory markers was observed. Finally, the activation of inflammation-related target genes, such as iNOS, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, and IκBα, were further detected. The results reveal that pretreatment with LBP could decrease the behavioral score of inflammatory mice, inhibit the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, and reduce liver and intestine injury. LBP can regulate the effect of lipopolysaccharide on the polarization of RAW264.7 cells, and reduce the production of NO and cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6). Further, LBP pretreatment was found to be able to significantly reduce the expression of iNOS, TLR4, NF-κB p65, and IκBα in macrophages. The present research provides evidence that LBP exerts potential antiinflammatory activity in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages via inhibiting TLR4 and NF-κB inflammatory sites and improving the behavior score of peritonitis mice. Practical applicationsIn recent years, the number of deaths worldwide has continued to rise as a result of inflammation. Despite said rise in deaths, many synthetic drugs with anti-inflammatory properties are significantly expensive and also have a host of side effects. Thus, the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs derived from medicinal plants has broad application potential. As such, in the present study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)induced macrophages were used to establish inflammatory cell models to verify the anti-inflammatory effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP). Findings were made that LBP could reduce the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and NO by regulating macrophage polarization and NF-κB translocation, and thus, could exert anti-inflammatory activity.

Transcriptomics Changes in the Peritoneum of Mice with Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Peritonitis

“…In our experimental system, the Nfkb transcription factor pathway was significantly activated. This is consistent with previous reports as the Nfkb transcription factor pathway is also activated in the LPS-mediated peritonitis model [ 14 , 28 ]. Hence, the Nfkb transcription factor pathway may play an essential role in the occurrence of LPS-mediated peritonitis.…”

Lycium barbarum Ameliorates Neural Damage Induced by Experimental Ischemic Stroke and Radiation Exposure

“…The anti-inflammatory effects of LBP were further supported by reduced TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA expression in astrocytes and microglia in the LBP-treated group, and inhibition of P38 MAPK activation [66]. In ad- dition, Liu et al [80] found that LBP pretreatment significantly decreased the secretion of inflammatory factors in lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis mice models (Fig. 1, Table 2 (Ref.…”

The Nutritional Intervention of Ingredients from Food Medicine Homology Regulating Macrophage Polarization on Atherosclerosis

“…By regulating macrophage polarization, it can reduce the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and NO, enabling it to exert anti-inflammatory effects. 38 4.1.4. Extractive Ingredients of Turmeric.…”

“…A low concentration of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides increases the expression of the M2 macrophage marker CD206, and a high concentration of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides decreases the expression of the M1 macrophage marker CD86. By regulating macrophage polarization, it can reduce the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and NO, enabling it to exert anti-inflammatory effects …”

“…43 Lycium barbarum polysaccharides can inhibit the expression of iNOS protein and the production of inflammatory mediators NO and proinflammatory cytokines by blocking TLR4 activation and NF-κB translocation. 38 By activating PPARγ and inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 can effectively reduce the polarization of M1 macrophages, promote the polarization of M2 macrophages, and limit the inflammatory response in plaques to prevent atherosclerosis. 48 NF-κB is an important vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promoter to drive angiogenesis, and its pathway plays a key role in atherosclerosis-related complications (such as angiogenesis, inflammation, and apoptosis).…”