Meta‐topolin, an alternative to benzyladenine in tissue culture?

Abstract

The metabolism and the in vitro effects of the cytokinin N6‐(3‐hydroxybenzyl)adenine (meta‐topolin, mT) were compared with those of N6‐benzyladenine (BA), N6‐benzyl‐9‐(2‐tetrahydropyranyl)adenine (BPA) and N6‐benzyladenine‐9‐riboside ([9R]BA) in micropropagated Spathiphyllum floribundum Schott cv. Petite. In vitro, BA, BPA and [9R]BA were mainly converted into the stable derivative N6‐benzyladenine‐9‐glucoside ([9G]BA), located at the basal part of the plant. N6‐(3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)benzyladenine‐9‐riboside {(OG)[9R]mT} was the main derivative of mT. This new cytokinin‐O‐glucoside, which was present in all plant parts, was metabolized much faster than [9G]BA during acclimatization. The effect of BA and mT on in vitro shoot and root production and post vitro rooting was compared. Only mT combined a good shoot production with in vitro root formation. The plants that developed on medium with 10 µM or more mT rooted better during acclimatization than those developed on medium with equimolar concentrations of BA.

Effect of Meta-topolin on in vitro propagation of Pelargonium × hortorum and Pelargonium × hederaefolium cultivars

“…A similar concentration of mT was optimal for effective multiplication of shoots in other plants, such as Musa (Escalona et al 2003), Aloe polyphylla (Bairu et al 2007), Magnolia × soulangeana, Coccoloba uvifera i Actinidia chinensis (Podwyszyñska et al 2000). As Werbrouck et al (1996) and Podwyszyñska et al (2000) reported, some plants needed a two-fold higher concentration of mT than BAP to obtain a similar number of shoots. In Beta vulgaris cultures, mT was more active than zeatin (Kubaláková and Strnad 1992).…”

“…They often exhibited variety-specific differences in regeneration potential and required specific growth regulators (Hamdorf 1976;Theiler 1977;Reuther 1983). Werbrouck et al (1996) demonstrated that the difference between BAP and mT on cultures of Spathiphyllum floribundum resulted from slight structural differences. It is known that unlike BAP, mT is translocated faster in plant tissue, which prevents its localized accumulation (Kaminek et al 1987).…”

“…Application of cytokinins in different concentrations resulted from their different activity noted for other genotypes (Werbrouck et al 1996;Podwyszyñska et al 2000) and Pelargonium cultivars (Wojtania and Gabryszewska 2001).…”

Involvement of snapdragon benzaldehyde dehydrogenase in benzoic acid biosynthesis

“…In plants, BA and its derivatives are important building blocks in a wide spectrum of compounds varying from primary metabolites [e.g. aromatic cytokinins (Werbrouck et al, 1996) and salicylic acid] to secondary products with pharmacological activities such as the anti-cancer agent taxol (Walker and Croteau, 2000) and the local anesthetic cocaine (Bjorklund and Leete, 1992). They also play critical roles in plant survival and reproductive success in natural ecosystems.…”

Cinnamate:CoA Ligase Initiates the Biosynthesis of a Benzoate-Derived Xanthone Phytoalexin in Hypericum calycinum Cell Cultures

“…The C 6 -C 1 benzenoid building block is found in a number of plant constituents, such as the anticancer drug paclitaxel, the local anesthetic agent cocaine, the red naphthoquinone pigment shikonin, and the antihypertensive drug reserpine (Dewick, 2009). Derivatives playing roles in primary metabolism are ubiquinones and cytokinins (Threlfall and Whistance, 1970;Werbrouck et al, 1996). Major groups of tannins, namely gallotannins and ellagitannins, are derived from gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid; Dewick, 2009).…”