Moringa oleiferaextract promotes apoptosis-like death inToxoplasma gondiitachyzoitesin vitro

Nishi, Letícia; Sanfelice, Raquel Arruda; Bortoleti, Bruna Taciane da Silva; Tomiotto-Pellissier, Fernanda; Silva, Taylon Felipe; Evangelista, Fernanda Ferreira; Lazarin-Bidóia, Danielle; Costa, Idessânia Nazareth; Pavanelli, Wander Rogério; Costa, Ivete Conchon; Baptista, Aline Takaoka Alves; Bergamasco, Rosângela; Falavigna-Guilherme, Ana Lúcia

doi:10.1017/s0031182021001086

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The orientation of the tomes does not favor the display of intracellular structures of what are supposed to be tachyzoites, but there is at least one impact reference in the literature showing similar ndings and in the same slice orientation(Ferguson and Dubremetz 2013). Findings in G and H were classi ed as tachyzoites associated with the cytoplasmic membrane of cells in cross-section, correlating the morphology found with other ndings in the literature(Duarte et al 2021;Nishi et al 2021;Liu et al 2021). It was possible to observe the nuclei of the parasites and structures with morphology related to that of the rhoptries.…”

supporting

confidence: 73%

In vitro expansion of T. gondii tachyzoites using a magnetic aggregation 3D cell culture

Nascimento

Silva

Rocha

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite capable of infecting a wide range of living beings, including felines that are the definitive hosts of the disease, toxoplasmosis, and livestock, birds and fish. In humans, the parasite can also be present in a latent or cystic form, the latter being able to become chronic, leading to lodging in brain, retina or muscles. Infection occurs upon consuming water or food contaminated with oocysts. The tachyzoites of RH strain have fast replication and relative difficulty of maintanence exclusively in vitro, often requiring stages of in vivo cultivation in experimental animals. Three-dimensional nanoestrutucured cell cultures can be helpful to build new forms of in vitro production with potential gains in practicality and yield. This work aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of use of three-dimensional culture of murine fibroblasts aggregated to nanoparticles as substrate for T. gondii tachyzoites with the intention of facilitating the management and in vitro replication of the parasite. Magnetic aggregation was used to produce cell spheroids, which were infected with tachyzoites of RH strain and maintained in culture. After infection spheroids were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy with 3D rendering of image stacks. The presence of the parasite was confirmed by PCR and the number of free parasites in culture was evaluated by flow cytometry. The three-dimensional culture model used showed sustainable production of tachyzoites within 24 hours after inoculum, showing itself as a potential surrogate for the use of animals for the maintenance of the parasite.

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supporting

confidence: 73%

In vitro expansion of T. gondii tachyzoites using a magnetic aggregation 3D cell culture

Nascimento

Silva

Rocha

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…13 This theory also aligns with previous research, which proved that the moringa seeds extract promotes apoptosis-like death in T. gondii tachyzoites in vitro. 6 A simple scatter plot showed a negative correlation between the extract doses and the number of tachyzoites (Figure 7). The decrease in tachyzoite count results, along with increasing doses of M. oleifera leaf ethanol extract, occurred because the concentration of alkaloids in the extract is directly proportional to the dose.…”

Section: Number Of Tachyzoitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vitro study of M. oleifera seeds has been shown to inhibit the replication of tachyzoites. 6 The leaves are part of the plant that is often consumed by Indonesian people and have been shown to have antiinflammatory, antifungal, and antibacterial effects. [7][8][9] It also acts as a larvicidal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moringa oleifera Leaf Ethanol Extract Inhibits Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites Replication

Wihanto

Waworuntu

Tedyanto

et al. 2023

IJTID

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The various infection routes of Toxoplasma gondii that are close to daily life strongly support the incidence of toxoplasmosis. The emergence of drug-resistant Toxoplasma gondii strains raises future concerns. Moringa leaf ethanol extract has been shown to have several anti-pathogen activities, which could have an anti-Toxoplasma effect. This research was conducted to analyze the anti-Toxoplasma effect of moringa leaf ethanol extract against tachyzoites replication in Toxoplasma gondii and the correlation between extract doses with the number of tachyzoites. Mice were divided into five groups. The negative control group (Group I) received CMC-Na solution. The positive control group (Group II) received spiramycin 100 mg/kg BW. The treatment groups received moringa leaf ethanol extract 250 mg/kg BW (group III), 500 mg/kg BW (group IV), and 1000 mg/kg BW (group V), respectively. Mice were injected with 1 x 105 tachyzoites/0.1 mL/mice intraperitoneally on the first day. Moringa leaf ethanol extract and spiramycin were given orally once daily for three days. The number of tachyzoites in the intraperitoneal fluid was calculated on the fifth day. The results have shown that there were significantly lower differences (P < 0.05) in group IV (P = 0.021) and group V (P = 0.022) compared to group I. There was also a significant negative correlation between the extract doses and the number of tachyzoites (P = 0.000; r = -0.781). Moringa oleifera leaf ethanol extract has an anti-Toxoplasma effect by inhibiting the tachyzoite replication at 500 mg/kg BW and 1000 mg/kg BW.

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“…The increased number of autophagosomes, a determinant of macroautophagy occurrence, is another very recurrent phenotype detected in treated protozoa ( Braga et al, 2005 ; Granthon et al, 2006 ; Uzcátegui et al, 2007 ; Dos Santos et al, 2010 ; Schurigt et al, 2010 ; Besteiro et al, 2011 ; Sengupta et al, 2011 ; Fernandes et al, 2012 ; Ghosh et al, 2012 ; Veiga-Santos et al, 2013 ; Souto et al, 2016 ; Nguyen et al, 2017b ; Scariot et al, 2017 ; Lim et al, 2018 ; Martínez-García et al, 2018 ; Hernandéz-García et al, 2019 ; Huang et al, 2019 ; de Paula et al, 2020 ; Silva et al, 2020 ; Nishi et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Autophagic Phenotypes In Drug-treated Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, the autofluorescent compound monodansyl cadaverine (MDC) is typically employed to assess autophagy, despite the nonspecificity of this marker. Several groups observed an increase in MDC labeling after the treatment of parasites with different compounds ( Sengupta et al, 2011 ; Fernandes et al, 2012 ; Lazarin-Bidóia et al, 2013 ; Veiga-Santos et al, 2013 ; Desoti et al, 2014 ; Scariot et al, 2017 , 2019 ; de Paula et al, 2020 ; Bortoleti et al, 2021 ; Nishi et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Autophagic Phenotypes In Drug-treated Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Drugs, Same End: Ultrastructural Hallmarks of Autophagy in Pathogenic Protozoa

et al. 2022

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Protozoan parasites interact with a wide variety of organisms ranging from bacteria to humans, representing one of the most common causes of parasitic diseases and an important public health problem affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. The current treatment for these parasitic diseases remains unsatisfactory and, in some cases, very limited. Treatment limitations together with the increased resistance of the pathogens represent a challenge for the improvement of the patient’s quality of life. The continuous search for alternative preclinical drugs is mandatory, but the mechanisms of action of several of these compounds have not been described. Electron microscopy is a powerful tool for the identification of drug targets in almost all cellular models. Interestingly, ultrastructural analysis showed that several classes of antiparasitic compounds induced similar autophagic phenotypes in trypanosomatids, trichomonadids, and apicomplexan parasites as well as in Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba spp. with the presence of an increased number of autophagosomes as well as remarkable endoplasmic reticulum profiles surrounding different organelles. Autophagy is a physiological process of eukaryotes that maintains homeostasis by the self-digestion of nonfunctional organelles and/or macromolecules, limiting redundant and damaged cellular components. Here, we focus on protozoan autophagy to subvert drug effects, discussing its importance for successful chemotherapy.

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Moringa oleiferaextract promotes apoptosis-like death inToxoplasma gondiitachyzoitesin vitro

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 11 publications

References 45 publications

In vitro expansion of T. gondii tachyzoites using a magnetic aggregation 3D cell culture

In vitro expansion of T. gondii tachyzoites using a magnetic aggregation 3D cell culture

Moringa oleifera Leaf Ethanol Extract Inhibits Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites Replication

Different Drugs, Same End: Ultrastructural Hallmarks of Autophagy in Pathogenic Protozoa

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