Moringa oleifera Flower Extract Suppresses the Activation of Inflammatory Mediators in Lipopolysaccharide‐Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages via NF‐κB Pathway

Abstract

Aim of Study. Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. oleifera) possess highest concentration of antioxidant bioactive compounds and is anticipated to be used as an alternative medicine for inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of 80% hydroethanolic extract of M. oleifera flower on proinflammatory mediators and cytokines produced in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Materials and Methods. Cell cytotoxicity was conducted by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Nitric oxide (NO) production was quantified through Griess reaction while proinflammatory cytokines and other key inflammatory markers were assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting. Results. Hydroethanolic extract of M. oleifera flower significantly suppressed the secretion and expression of NO, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). However, it significantly increased the production of IL-10 and IκB-α (inhibitor of κB) in a concentration dependent manner (100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL). Conclusion. These results suggest that 80% hydroethanolic extract of M. oleifera flower has anti-inflammatory action related to its inhibition of NO, PGE2, proinflammatory cytokines, and inflammatory mediator's production in LPS-stimulated macrophages through preventing degradation of IκB-α in NF-κB signaling pathway.

Biological, nutritional, and therapeutic significance of Moringa oleifera Lam

“…Methanol extract decreased the edematogenic impact of carrageenan‐ and histamine‐induced foot edema in laboratory animals (Adedapo, Falayi, & Oyagbemi, ) and also pain relieving impacts by reducing mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in Freund's adjuvant joint inflammation prompted rodents, whereas methanolic root decoction decreased thermal hyperalgesia (Manaheji, Jafari, Zaringhalam, Rezazadeh, & Taghizadfarid, ). The hydroethanolic extract of flowers also decreased the movement of incendiary mediators and proinflammatory cytokines, for example, PGE2, IL‐1α, IL‐6, TNF‐α, NF‐kB, iNOS, NO, and COX2 in LPS prompted RAW264.7 macrophage cells (Tan, Arulselvan, Karthivashan, & F akurazi S., ). The fruit demonstrated the highest activity in reducing NO release induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells (Lee et al, ).…”

Phytochemical Analysis and Immuno-Modulatory Effect of Moringa Oleifera Flowers

“…Moreover, phytocompounds like phytosterols and triterpenes were attributed to the inhibition of activities related to lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase in the pathways. An Immunoblotting study was conducted to evaluate the expression of inflammatory mediators in macrophages treated with the 80% hydroethanolic M. oleifera flower extract at concentrations 100 and 200 5g/ml [17]. Another study was proven the antiinflammatory activity at varying concentrations to inhibit nitric oxide production.…”

Phytochemical and anti‐inflammatory properties of Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser parasitising on three different host plants elucidated by NMR‐based metabolomics

“…The cytotoxicity of all extracts and the positive control curcumin on RAW 264.7 cells were performed by MTT method . In brief, the cells (5 × 10 4 cells/well) was seeded into 96‐well plates and incubated for 24 h. After treatment of cells with serial gradient dilutions of the crude extracts and fractions for 17 h, MTT assay was executed and the absorbance was measured at 570 nm wavelength using Infinite F 200 Pro microplate reader (TECAN, Grödig, Austria).…”

“…RAW 264.7 cells were seeded into 96‐well plates as previously described for MTT assay. After 24 h cultivation, 50 μL two‐fold dilutions of crude extracts/fractions (15.625–500 μg/mL) and the positive control‐curcumin (7.5 or 7.95 μg/mL) were added into the wells. Induction of the macrophages with 50 μL inducer containing LPS (1 μg/mL) and IFN‐ γ (1 ng/mL) for all samples was performed except in the blank control group.…”