<i>MYCNOS</i>functions as an antisense RNA regulating<i>MYCN</i>

Vadie, Nadia; Saayman, Sheena; Lenox, Alexandra; Ackley, Amanda; Clemson, Matthew; Burdach, Jon; Hart, Jonathan R.; Vogt, Peter K.; Morris, Kevin V.

doi:10.1080/15476286.2015.1063773

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…MYCN is another interesting protein of the lncRNA-MYC network that is garnering attention. New studies have been conducted exploring a functional connection between MYCN and lncRNAs implicated in cancer [ 99 – 103 ]. Given its importance in the nervous system and mesenchymal tissues [ 104 , 105 ], like MYC, MYCN could also mediate some of its oncogenic functions through the regulation of lncRNAs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interplay of long non-coding RNAs and MYC in cancer

et al. 2015

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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNA molecules that are changing how researchers view eukaryotic gene regulation. Once considered to be non-functional products of low-level aberrant transcription from non-coding regions of the genome, lncRNAs are now viewed as important epigenetic regulators and several lncRNAs have now been demonstrated to be critical players in the development and/or maintenance of cancer. Similarly, the emerging variety of interactions between lncRNAs and MYC, a well-known oncogenic transcription factor linked to most types of cancer, have caught the attention of many biomedical researchers. Investigations exploring the dynamic interactions between lncRNAs and MYC, referred to as the lncRNA-MYC network, have proven to be especially complex. Genome-wide studies have shown that MYC transcriptionally regulates many lncRNA genes. Conversely, recent reports identified lncRNAs that regulate MYC expression both at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. These findings are of particular interest because they suggest roles of lncRNAs as regulators of MYC oncogenic functions and the possibility that targeting lncRNAs could represent a novel avenue to cancer treatment. Here, we briefly review the current understanding of how lncRNAs regulate chromatin structure and gene transcription, and then focus on the new developments in the emerging field exploring the lncRNA-MYC network in cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interplay of long non-coding RNAs and MYC in cancer

et al. 2015

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“…Contrary to MYCNUT, MYCNOS is transcribed antisense of MYCN. MYCNOS was shown to function as a modulator of MYCN, able to regulate MYCN promoter usage and to recruit various proteins to the upstream MYCN promoter [ 74 ]. Therefore, similar to MYC locus, also the MYCN locus is producing lncRNAs that are able to control MYCN expression both at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level.…”

Section: Lncrnas Affecting Myc Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

lncRNAs and MYC: An Intricate Relationship

Iaccarino

2017

IJMS

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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important regulators of gene expression networks, acting either at the transcriptional level, by influencing histone modifications, or at the post-transcriptional level, by controlling mRNA stability and translation. Among the gene expression networks known to influence the process of oncogenic transformation, the one controlled by the proto-oncogene MYC is one of the most frequently deregulated in cancer. In B-cell lymphomas, the MYC gene is subject to chromosomal rearrangements that result in MYC overexpression. In many other cancers, the region surrounding MYC is subject to gene amplification. MYC expression is also controlled at the level of protein and mRNA stability. Neoplastic lesions affecting MYC expression are responsible for a drastic change in the number and the type of genes that are transcriptionally controlled by MYC, depending on differential promoter affinities. Transcriptome profiling of tumor samples has shown that several lncRNAs can be found differentially regulated by MYC in different cancer types and many of them can influence cancer cell viability and proliferation. At the same time, lncRNAs have been shown to be able to control the expression of MYC itself, both at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Given that targeting the MYC-dependent transcriptional program has the potential to reach broad anticancer activity, molecular dissection of the complex regulatory mechanisms governing MYC expression will be crucial in the future for the identification of novel therapeutic strategies.

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“…Our data suggest that reduced levels of MALAT1 may contribute to gene expression changes associated to the poorer outcome of elderly patients. MYCNOS is an lncRNA known to function as an antisense RNA that regulates MYCN, a member of the MYC family of transcription factors [ 40 ]. There is little information available regarding the two other lncRNAs; LINC00355, the only one of the selected genes from Table 3 to be highly connected and differentially expressed in the elderly, is a lincRNA that was not previously studied in the literature, and AC010970.2 is an 18S ribosomal pseudogene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Function of Long Noncoding RNAs in Sepsis Revealed by Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis

Pellegrina

Severino

Barbeiro

et al. 2017

ncRNA

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Sepsis is a major cause of death and its incidence and mortality increase exponentially with age. Most gene expression studies in sepsis have focused in protein-coding genes and the expression patterns, and potential roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have not been investigated yet. In this study, we performed co-expression network analysis of protein-coding and lncRNAs measured in neutrophil granulocytes from adult and elderly septic patients, along with age-matched healthy controls. We found that the genes displaying highest network similarity are predominantly differently expressed in sepsis and are enriched in loci encoding proteins with structural or regulatory functions related to protein translation and mitochondrial energetic metabolism. A number of lncRNAs are strongly connected to genes from these pathways and may take part in regulatory loops that are perturbed in sepsis. Among those, the ribosomal pseudogenes RP11-302F12.1 and RPL13AP7 are differentially expressed and appear to have a regulatory role on protein translation in both the elderly and adults, and lncRNAs MALAT1, LINC00355, MYCNOS, and AC010970.2 display variable connection strength and inverted expression patterns between adult and elderly networks, suggesting that they are the best candidates to be further studied to understand the mechanisms by which the immune response is impaired by age. In summary, we report the expression of lncRNAs that are deregulated in patients with sepsis, including subsets that display hub properties in molecular pathways relevant to the disease pathogenesis and that may participate in gene expression regulatory circuits related to the poorer disease outcome observed in elderly subjects.

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MYCNOSfunctions as an antisense RNA regulatingMYCN

Cited by 31 publications

References 28 publications

The interplay of long non-coding RNAs and MYC in cancer

The interplay of long non-coding RNAs and MYC in cancer

lncRNAs and MYC: An Intricate Relationship

Insights into the Function of Long Noncoding RNAs in Sepsis Revealed by Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis

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