<i>Mycobacterium microti</i> detection in French wildlife

Michelet, Lorraine; Cruz, Krystel de; Phalente, Yohann; Karoui, Claudine; Hénault, Sylvie; Boschiroli, María Laura

doi:10.1136/vr.h5754

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Although we found that in some localizations M. microti or M. bovis presence was exclusive, cohabitation of the two MTBC species could be observed at least at a population level in bTB high burden areas in Dordogne (bTB hotspot 1). Until present, co-infection in a same animal was not demonstrated here or in any other French animal [2,8,9]. For two foxes, 170831039977 and 180814038269, we could not confirm the mycobacterium identity due to a low DNA concentration.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

“…However, in the last years, an increasing number of cases were described in pets (cat and dog), zoo animals, camelids and, also, in humans [2][3][4][5]. In France, Mycobacterium microti interferes with the diagnosis of bovine TB (bTB) and has been identified through the surveillance system in livestock (cattle and goats) [6][7][8] and in wild animals (wild boars and badgers) [2,9]. The presence of this pathogen was also described in wildlife in other European countries [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycobacterium microti Infection in Red Foxes in France

Michelet

Richomme²,

Réveillaud³

et al. 2021

Microorganisms

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Mycobacterium microti, member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis, complex is known to interfere in the screening and diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. This pathogen is increasingly detected in the frame of surveillance programs for tuberculosis in livestock and wildlife. Recently, red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were found infected by Mycobacterium bovis in four French endemic areas. M. microti infection was concomitantly found during this investigation. Rates of infection by M. microti and M. bovis are not different except in one of the four areas (lower prevalence for M. microti in Charente). As for M. bovis infection, none of the infected foxes presented gross TB-like lesions. Infection of red foxes by M. microti seems to occur by ingestion of contaminated food, as mesenteric lymph nodes are mostly infected albeit no fecal excretion could be detected. Red foxes appear to be susceptible to Mycobacterium microti infection but seem to play a role of dead-end host for the transmission of this bacillus.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium microti Infection in Red Foxes in France

Michelet

Richomme²,

Réveillaud³

et al. 2021

Microorganisms

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“…No outbreak was detected between 2016 and 2018, and there were only two in 2019. However, this department is a hotspot of M. microti infection in wildlife [4,11]. Indeed, the surveillance system in wildlife allowed us to identify an increasing number of cases in badgers and wild boars in the last years.…”

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, infection by this bacterium was described in a large number of other animal species [3]. Recently, an increasing number of M. microti infection cases was identified in France through Sylvatub [2], highlighting the potential interference in the surveillance and diagnosis of bTB [4]. Moreover, in France, M. microti was also identified in farmed animals, i.e., a goat [5] and a cow [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium microti Interferes with Bovine Tuberculosis Surveillance

et al. 2020

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Mycobacterium microti, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, was originally described as the cause of tuberculosis in wild rodents. However, in the last few years, an increasing number of cases have been reported in wildlife (wild boars and badgers) and livestock (goat and cattle) in the frame of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) surveillance program, demonstrating the risk of interference with bTB diagnosis in France. In 2019, we detected four cattle infected with M.microti, from three different herds in three different distant regions. For all these cases, ante-mortem diagnosis by the skin test (single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT)) was positive. Confirmation of M.microti infection was based on molecular tests, i.e., specific real-time PCR and spoligotyping. These results highlight a non-negligible risk of interference in the bTB diagnosis system and raise concern about the reliability of diagnostic tests used for bTB surveillance. The use of highly specific tests, like the interferon gamma test (IFN-γ) employed in France or new synthetic specific tuberculins for skin testing could alternatively be used to accurately identify M.bovis (or Mycobacterium caprae) infection at ante-mortem examination. At post-mortem diagnosis, the use of specific molecular tools should be considered to accurately distinguish pathogens within the MTBC and to avoid misleading bTB diagnosis.

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“…Mycobacterial species causing tuberculosis in humans and animals are part of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) [1], which includes Mycobacterium microti, a microorganism initially identified in England as a pathogen of wild rodents, such as field voles (Microtus agrestis), wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus), bank voles (Myodes glareolus) and shrews (Sorex araneus) [2][3][4][5][6][7]. This pathogen causes natural infections in a wide range of wild and domestic animals, but in recent years, an increasing number of infections have been described in pets (cats and dogs) [8][9][10][11], wildlife (wild boar and badger) [12][13][14][15][16] and livestock (goat and cattle) [17][18][19][20]. In humans, M. microti is rarely reported as a zoonotic agent; however, its full pathogenic potential has not yet been defined [11,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium microti at the Environment and Wildlife Interface

et al. 2021

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An unexpected high presence of Mycobacterium microti in wild boar in Northern Italy (Garda Lake) has been reported since 2003, but the factors contributing to the maintenance of this pathogen are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the presence of M. microti in wild rodents and in water and soil samples collected at wild boar aggregation areas, such as watering holes, with the aim of clarifying their role in M. microti transmission. In total, 8 out of 120 captured animals tested positive for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) as assessed by real-time PCR, and six samples were confirmed to be M. microti. A strain with a genetic profile similar to those previously isolated in wild boars in the same area was isolated from one sample. Of the 20 water and 19 mud samples, 3 and 1, respectively, tested positive for the presence of MTBC, and spacer oligotype SB0118 (vole type) was detected in one sample. Our study suggests that wild rodents, in particular Apodemus sylvaticus, Microtus sp. and Apodemus flavicollis, play roles in the maintenance of M. microti infections in wild boar through ingestion or by contact with either infected excreta or a contaminated environment, such as at animal aggregation sites.

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Mycobacterium microti detection in French wildlife

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Mycobacterium microti Infection in Red Foxes in France

Mycobacterium microti Infection in Red Foxes in France

Mycobacterium microti Interferes with Bovine Tuberculosis Surveillance

Mycobacterium microti at the Environment and Wildlife Interface

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