<i>Nosema Apis</i> Zander Infection Levels in Honeybees of Known age

El-Shemy, A. A. M.; Pickard, Robert

doi:10.1080/00218839.1989.11100829

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…As has been observed for N. apis (Duoll, 1965;El-Shemy and Pickard, 1989), composite samples taken to determine the N. ceranae infection intensity of a colony may be dominated by a few highly-infected individuals and therefore give a skewed view of the infection level of the colony. Such phenomena should be considered when treatment decisions are being made.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous studies on N. apis, many individual bees showed no positive signs of N. apis in the tissues of the midgut, while other individuals exhibited exceptionally high levels of N. apis (El-Shemy and Pickard, 1989). Indeed, researchers have found that sampling individuals and groups of bees at various places both inside and outside the hive yield significantly different estimates of N. apis infection levels (L'Arrivee, 1963a,b;Wang and Moeller, 1969;ElShemy and Pickard, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Nosema ceranae in age cohorts of the western honey bee (Apis mellifera)

Smart

Sheppard

2012

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nosema ceranae in age cohorts of the western honey bee (Apis mellifera)

Smart

Sheppard

2012

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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“…When the PCR method is used, both spore counts and Nosema species should be taken into account. El-Shemy and Pickard (1989) reported that the average count of N. apis spores per sample varied depending on the site of the bee sampling in the hive and the organ from which the spores were obtained. The highest spore counts were determined for flying bees; 80% of the spores were derived from the ventriculi and small intestines of bees, and 20% from the recta.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Nosema spp. in Worker Bees of Different Ages During the Flow Season

Sokół¹,

Michalczyk²

2012

Journal of Apicultural Science

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S u m m a r yThe aim of this study was to identify which Nosema species infect those Apis mellifera worker bees performing different functions in the colony. Samples were taken from different places inside and outside the hive, in the honey fl ow season. In February 2010, winter hive debris from 30 colonies was analyzed, and based on the microsporidian species identifi ed by multiplex PCR. The following bee colonies (none of which displayed clinical symptoms of the disease) were selected for further analyses to determine the occurrence of microsporidian parasites: 1) colony A/C infected with Nosema apis and N. ceranae (mixed infection), 2) colony A infected with N. apis, 3) colony C -infected with N. ceranae, and 4) colony K -the control, which was free of infection. Between April and August, 20 nurse bees from frames of open brood, and 20 forager bees returning to the hive from pollen-collecting trips were randomly selected from each colony at 30-day intervals. The results of the study indicate that the microsporidian species is determined not only by the type of worker bee (sampling site), but also by the period (month) of the sample collection. Our fi ndings also suggest that regardless of the type of initial infection, bees infected by different microsporidian species and bees free from infection can coexist in colonies.

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“…Attention has been given to different geneticdependent levels of resistance in individuals (Malone et al, 1995) as well as to the significance of their age (El-Shemy ík Pickard, 1989). The effects of various tem perature conditions have also been observed, but only in cage experiments (Karmo & Morgenthaler, 1939;Lotmar, 1943).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…any authors investigating the number of N. apis spores in the digestive system of honey bee workers have observed great variation in the levels of infection among individuals from the same colony (El-Shemy & Pickard, 1989;Woyciechowski et al, 1996). Attention has been given to different geneticdependent levels of resistance in individuals (Malone et al, 1995) as well as to the significance of their age (El-Shemy ík Pickard, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of temperature onNosema apisZander (Microsporida, Nosematidae) infection in honey bees (Apis mellifera)

Woyciechowski

Czekońska

1999

Parasite

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Summary :Newly emerged honey bee [Apis mellifera carnica L.) workers infected individually with Nosema apis Z. spores were divided into three groups and kept in incubators at 25°, 30° or 35°C. After 48 h all workers were kept at 30° C. The numbers of parasite spores in individual bees were counted in all groups on the 11th, 16th, 21st and 26th days of life. Generally higher numbers of spores were observed in workers infected at 25° C. However, the numbers in workers infected at extreme temperatures (25° and 35°C) differed significantly. Choosing suitable temperature conditions might be employed by infected bees to reduce the parasite's fitness and prolong their life spans.

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Nosema Apis Zander Infection Levels in Honeybees of Known age

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Nosema ceranae in age cohorts of the western honey bee (Apis mellifera)

Nosema ceranae in age cohorts of the western honey bee (Apis mellifera)

Detection of Nosema spp. in Worker Bees of Different Ages During the Flow Season

The effect of temperature onNosema apisZander (Microsporida, Nosematidae) infection in honey bees (Apis mellifera)

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