<i>Notes from the Field:</i> Toxigenic <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> O141 in a Traveler to Florida — Nebraska, 2017

Loeck, Brianna K.D.; Roberts, Amy; Craney, Arryn; King, Stephanie; Im, Monica S.; Safranek, Thomas J.; Iwen, Peter C.; Carlson, Anna V; Pedati, Caitlin

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6730a7

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…These serogroups have been isolated from patients who had diarrheal illness, as well as from aquatic environmental sources ( 7 – 10 ). In the United States, for instance, toxigenic V. cholerae O141 has occasionally been associated with diarrhea and bloodstream infections ( 11 , 12 ). Although non‒O1/O139 strains can encode Ctx and Tcp, they may be underreported as a cause of diarrheal illness because routine laboratory testing in cholera-endemic settings only includes testing for O1 and O139 serogroups ( 13 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Genomic and Phenotypic Insights for Toxigenic Clinical Vibrio cholerae O141

Hounmanou¹,

Sit²,

Fakoya³

et al. 2022

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Vibrio cholerae remains a major public health threat worldwide, causing millions of cholera cases each year. Although much is known about the evolution and pathogenicity of the O1/O139 serogroups of V. cholerae , information is lacking on the molecular epidemiology of non‒O1/O139 strains isolated from patients who have diarrheal illnesses. We performed whole-genome sequence analysis and in vivo infections to investigate characteristics of V. cholerae O141 isolated from sporadic diarrheal cases in 4 countries. The strains formed a distinct phylogenetic clade distinguishable from other serogroups and a unique multilocus sequence type 42, but interstrain variation suggests that O141 isolates are not clonal. These isolates encode virulence factors including cholera toxin and the toxin-coregulated pilus, as well as a type 3 secretion system. They had widely variable capacities for intestinal colonization in the infant mouse model. We propose that O141 isolates comprise a distinct clade of V. cholerae non‒O1/O139, and their continued surveillance is warranted.

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confidence: 99%

Genomic and Phenotypic Insights for Toxigenic Clinical Vibrio cholerae O141

Hounmanou¹,

Sit²,

Fakoya³

et al. 2022

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…V. cholerae serogroup O141 was newly discovered due to their distinct genetic clade from other serogroups and causing cholera similar to serogroup O1 and O139 (Hounmanou et al, 2022). Serogroup O141 was occasionally reported in aquatic animals and freshwater (Loeck et al, 2018;Fang et al, 2019). Therefore, serogroup O141 should be included to be identified together with serogroup O1 and O139.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence and molecular characteristics of antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholerae, fecal coliform, and Escherichia coli in hybrid red tilapia and cultured water

Thaotumpitak

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Foodborne pathogens and antimicrobial resistant bacteria in tilapia and cultivation water has been emerged as a public health threat. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of indicator and pathogenic bacteria in hybrid red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) and their cultivation water, and to characterize phenotypic and genotypic AMR, virulence genes, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production of Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio cholerae. A total of 120 tilapia, which were comprised of carcass rinse (n=120), muscle (n=120), intestine (n=120), liver and kidney (n=120), and cultivation water (n=120) were collected from tilapia farms in�Kanchanaburi province, Thailand during October 2019 and November 2020. The overall prevalence of fecal coliforms (74.8%) and E. coli (56.7%) were observed. The highest concentration of fecal coliforms (2.4 ? 4.0 ? 104 MPN/g) and E. coli (1.2 ? 2.9 ? 104 MPN/g) were mainly found in fish intestine. The prevalence of A. hydrophila, Salmonella, and V. cholerae were 2.5%, 32.0%, and 17.5%, respectively. A. hydrophila was only detected in carcass rinse and cultivation water, while Salmonella and V. cholerae were most detected in cultivation water. The detection of Salmonella was associated with fecal coliforms, E. coli, V. cholerae, relative humidity, and wind gust. The most common Salmonella serovars were Saintpaul (18.9%), Neukoelln (15.2%), and Escanaba (15.2%). Ducks reared nearby in the tilapia farm were postulated that they may be the source of Salmonella contamination in tilapia farms based on rep-PCR characterization. All E. coli isolates were absent of stx1 and stx2. All�A. hydrophila isolates were positive for aero and hly. All Salmonella isolates were invA positive. All of V. cholerae isolates classified as non-O1/non-O139. The A. hydrophila (100%), Salmonella (100%), and E. coli (79.6%) isolates were resistance to at least one antimicrobial. The Salmonella (72.3%), E. coli (53.8%), and A. hydrophila (26.7%) were multidrug resistance. All V. cholerae isolates were susceptible to all tested antimicrobials.�The predominant resistance in E. coli were ampicillin (63.1%), oxytetracycline (58.6%), and tetracycline (58.0%). The blaTEM (58.0%), qnrS (43.8%), and tetA (29.1%) were the common resistance genes of E. coli. The blaTEM-1 and blaCTX-M-55 were reported in this study. The A. hydrophila isolates was resistant to ampicillin (100%), oxytetracycline (26.7%), tetracycline (26.7%), and trimethoprim (26.7%). The A. hydrophila isolates were commonly found mcr-3 (20.0%), followed by floR, qnrS, sul1, sul2, and dfrA1 with the same resistance rates at 13.3%. The Salmonella isolates highly resisted to ampicillin (79.3%), oxolinic acid (75.5%), and oxytetracycline (71.8%). The qnrS (65.4%), tetA (64.9%), and blaTEM (63.8%) were predominant genes found in the Salmonella isolates. The V. cholerae isolates were mainly carried sul1 (12.0%), followed by catB, qnrS, tetA, tetB, strA, and dfrA1 with the same resistance rate at 4.0%. Class 1 integron was only examined in E. coli (19.5%) and A. hydrophila (6.7%). For ESBL-producing�E. coli�(3.9%) was detected. This study reported the emerging of colistin resistance gene (mcr-3) in tilapia in Thailand. In summary, tilapia and cultivation water are the potential reservoirs of important foodborne pathogens and AMR bacteria. Proper�handling, personal hygiene,�and fully cooked fish�can promote food safety regarding tilapia consumption. To reduce pathogens and resistant bacterial transmission from tilapia to humans and the environment, implementation of One Health should be carried out with�effective control and prevention of the dissemination of resistant bacteria.

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