OligoneuriaPictet: phylogenetic analysis and description of three new species fromBrazil (Ephemeroptera:Oligoneuriidae)

Abstract

For 150 years O. anomala has been the only known species of Oligoneuria, the type genus of the Oligoneuriidae (Ephemeroptera). However, two species have been recently described and Oligoneuria has been proposed as a senior synonym of the genus Oligoneurioides. In the present paper, based on material from the Amazon and Brazilian Atlantic Forest, three new species are described, including information on all life stages. Given these new species, as well as the lack of cladistic support for the proposed synonymy between Oligoneuria and Oligoneurioides, a phylogenetic analysis was performed in order to address the relationships between all species and to test the status of Oligoneurioides. Our results show that the status of the genus is uncertain, mainly due to the lack of knowledge of the type species of O. anomala, known exclusively from a female subimago. Taking into account phylogenetic as well as taxonomic arguments, we propose that the genus Oligoneuria should be divided into three subgenera: Oligoneuria s.s., for O. anomala; Oligoneuria (Yawari) new subgenus, for Oligoneuria truncata sp.n.; and Oligoneuria (Oligoneurioides) for the remaining five species, including O. amandae sp.n. and O. mitra sp.n. This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A2AEE4B7-FEA8-4067-8F3B-666095EDB997.

A cladistic approach for generic delimitation of Paracloeodes Day, Rivudiva Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, and Varipes Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae)

“…The matrix (Table 2 in the supplementary material) was analyzed with TNT (Goloboff et al 2008) under equal and implied weights with nine values of k (4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20). This procedure was used to assess the potential changes in topology (e.g., Salles et al 2013). Changes in the values of k stopped when recovered topologies were repeatedly similar (five times) to the topology recovered under equal weights.…”

Phylogeny and revision of the Neotropical genusGrumichella Müller (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae), including nine new species and a key

“…The fit range was from 1 to 100 (1–10, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100). This procedure was implemented to evaluate potential topological changes under different k values (Prendini, ; Salles et al ., ). These searches were conducted using the implicit enumeration command in TNT 1.1.…”

Direct analysis of vicariance in Neotropical mayflies (Ephemeroptera)

“…Publications referring to Neotropical mayfly phylogenies at the species level were selected. Character matrices were updated, including the following new species or new life stages described since their original publication: 1) Baetodes complex (Baetidae), 15 species from eight genera and Baetodes treated at the genus level (Nieto 2016, 1 species added here, see below); 2) Callibaetis (Baetidae), 37 species, including 28 species of the genus (Cruz et al 2017); 3) Brasilocaenis and Caenis (Caenidae), 20 species (lima et al 2019); 4) Simothraulopsis (leptophlebiidae), 14 terminals including 9 species of the genus (Nascimento et al 2017); 5) Farrodes (leptophlebiidae), with 23 species (Domínguez 1999, Domínguez andZuñiga 2009); 6) Allenhyphes-Traverhyphes group (leptohyphidae), 21 species (Molineri 2004) and 2 additional species included here; 7) Oligoneuria (Oligoneuriidae), 12 species (Salles et al 2014), of which one was described later (Massariol and Cruz 2015) and was added here; 8) Asthenopodinae (Polymitarcyidae), 17 species (Molineri et al 2015); 9) Campsurus alfibilum and major groups (Polymitarcyidae), 13 species (Molineri and Salles 2013); 10) Tortopus (Polymitarcyidae); and 11) Tortopsis (Polymitarcyidae) both from , with 21 species (plus 2 species included here).…”