Paraconiothyrium cyclothyrioides infected on the sole of a healthy person: A case report

Paraconiothyrium cyclothyrioides, a novel cutaneous fungal pathogen in a dog and a cat

“…7 It affects mostly immunocompromised patients, such as transplant recipients, [3][4][5][6][7] yet it also has been reported to cause dermatitis in an immunocompetent individual. 8 The dog reported in our case was receiving immunosuppressive therapy to treat AD, which might have contributed to the establishment and recurrence of the infection. It is unclear if the cat had any underlying or immunosuppressive condition that could have predisposed to the initial infection of one foot.…”

“…In both cases, the lesions were restricted to the limbs, a common site of infection also in people. 3,[5][6][7][8] An additional reported site for human infection is the conjunctiva. 4 The genus Paraconiothyrium contains 27 species of fungi.…”

“…Paraconiothyrium cyclothyrioides is an emerging pathogen in human medicine, being the second most commonly isolated coelomycetous fungi in Europe 7 . It affects mostly immunocompromised patients, such as transplant recipients, 3–7 yet it also has been reported to cause dermatitis in an immunocompetent individual 8 …”

“…Pigmented hyphae were noted histologically only in one case, 7 while the majority of the reports in the human literature do not mention pigmented hyphae histologically or cytologically. 3,5,6,8 Melanin is an important virulence factor in fungi. This component of the fungal cell wall enhances fungal survival in the environment, protecting against solar and gamma radiation.…”

Multifocal cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Paraconiothyrium cyclothyrioides in an immunocompromised patient: A case report

“…To our knowledge, only seven cases of P. cyclothyrioides infection have been reported in immunocompromised patients with abscess formation and one in a healthy person with a keratosis. 5 None of these cases was characteristic of P. cyclothyrioides, and based on the recognition of typical lesions of this fungus, making a clinical diagnosis of this phaeohyphomycosis is much more difficult than other differential diagnoses, such as chromoblastomycosis, bacterial infections (actinomycosis/nocardiosis/mycobacteria), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma or Kaposi's sarcoma.…”