<i>Pax6</i>and<i>Engrailed 1</i>Regulate Two Distinct Aspects of Renshaw Cell Development

Sapir, Tamar; Geiman, Eric J.; Wang, Zhi; Velasquez, Tomoko; Mitsui, Shinji; Yoshihara, Yoshihiro; Frank, Eric; Álvarez, Francisco J.; Goulding, Martyn

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3187-03.2004

Cited by 171 publications

(255 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…At present there is no information on developing IaINs or the structure of their synaptic input in neonates or adult. Nonetheless, recurrent and reciprocal inhibition of motoneurons have both been described in neonates in mice (Sapir et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2008) and humans (McDonough et al, 2001), although they display many immature characteristics. Particularly, reciprocal inhibition is relatively weak, it is not detectable in all pairs of antagonistic motor pools, and shows initially a large extent of facilitation instead of inhibition (McDonough et al, 2001;Wang et al, 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Losing one copy of tau does not seem to affect development (Hippenmeyer et al, 2005). En1-Cre/R26-LacZ mice have been previously used and explained in full detail (Sapir et al, 2004;Alvarez et al, 2005). En1-Cre/ Tau-loxP-STOP-loxP-mEGFP-IRES-INLacZ express, upon Cre recombination, a bicistronic transcript encoding a modified β-galactosidase (β-gal) with a nuclear localization signal (nls) and a modified membrane-bound enhanced green fluorescent protein (mEGFP) designed to best depict neurite morphology and surfaces (DePaola et al, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In these (Liu et al, 2003;Zagoraiou et al, 2009). The specificity of reporter expression in En1 Cre/+ was previously assessed using several R26 reporter lines (Sapir et al, 2004). The En1-cre line was generated such that it will faithfully recapitulate endogenous expression patterns.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For example, V1 interneurons have common origins in the p1 progenitor area and are characterized by expression of the engrailed-1 (En-1) transcription factor. They migrate ventrolaterally, positioning themselves adjacent to motor pools, extend ascending axons that target ipsilateral motoneurons, and have an inhibitory phenotype (Matise and Joyner, 1997;Ericsson et al, 1997;Saueressig et al, 1999;Sapir et al, 2004;Alvarez et al, 2005). These canonical embryonic interneurons and their primary characteristics are conserved phylogenetically, but interestingly, the number and types of neurons derived from each class increases in complexity in parallel with the evolution of locomotion from fish to terrestrial animals (reviewed in Grillner and Jessell, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Target selection of proprioceptive and motor axon synapses on neonatal V1‐derived Ia inhibitory interneurons and Renshaw cells

Siembab

Smith

Zagoraiou

et al. 2010

J of Comparative Neurology

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The diversity of premotor interneurons in the mammalian spinal cord is generated from a few phylogenetically conserved embryonic classes of interneurons (V0, V1, V2, V3). Their mechanisms of diversification remain unresolved, although these are clearly important to understand motor circuit assembly in the spinal cord. Some Ia inhibitory interneurons (IaINs) and all Renshaw cells (RCs) derive from embryonic V1 interneurons; however, in adult they display distinct functional properties and synaptic inputs, for example proprioceptive inputs preferentially target IaINs, while motor axons target RCs. Previously, we found that both inputs converge on RCs in neonates, raising the possibility that proprioceptive (VGLUT1-positive) and motor axon synapses (VAChT-positive) initially target several different V1 interneurons populations and then become selected or deselected postnatally. Alternatively, specific inputs might precisely connect only with predefined groups of V1 interneurons. To test these hypotheses we analyzed synaptic development on V1-derived IaINs and compared them to RCs of the same age and spinal cord levels. V1-interneurons were labeled using genetically encoded lineage markers in mice. The results show that although neonatal V1-derived IaINs and RCs are competent to receive proprioceptive synapses, these synapses preferentially target the proximal somato-dendritic regions of IaINs and postnatally proliferate on IaINs, but not on RCs. In contrast, cholinergic synapses on RCs are specifically derived from motor axons, while on IaINs they originate from Pitx2 V0c interneurons. Thus, motor, proprioceptive, and even some interneuron inputs are biased toward specific subtypes of V1-interneurons. Postnatal strengthening of these inputs is later superimposed on this initial preferential targeting. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptThe development of spinal cord local interneuronal circuits is currently poorly understood. Recent work has defined a relatively small number of cardinal interneurons in embryo that generates the much larger diversity of adult interneurons (Goulding, 2009). In the ventral horn just four embryonic subgroups (V0, V1, V2, V3) generate most adult premotor interneurons by diversification mechanisms that are currently largely unknown. Each group displays common properties that generally include origins from one type of progenitor cell (p0, p1, p2, p3), the direction taken by the primary axon, their cell migration and final location in the ventral horn with relation to motor pools, and their neurotransmitter phenotype. For example, V1 interneurons have common origins in the p1 progenitor area and are characterized by expression of the engrailed-1 (En-1) transcription factor. They migrate ventrolaterally, positioning themselves adjacent to motor pools, extend ascending axons that target ipsilateral motoneurons, and have an inhibitory phenotype (Matise and Joyner, 1997; Ericsson et al., 1997;Saueressig et al., 1999;Sapir et al., 2004;Alvarez et a...

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Target selection of proprioceptive and motor axon synapses on neonatal V1‐derived Ia inhibitory interneurons and Renshaw cells

Siembab

Smith

Zagoraiou

et al. 2010

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…CiAs are one of the most characterised classes of zebrafish spinal interneurons and they share many characteristics and are probably functionally homologous with mammalian V1 cells (Saueressig et al, 1999;Higashijima et al, 2004;Sapir et al, 2004;Alvarez et al, 2005). In both zebrafish and mouse, CiAs/V1 cells are the only spinal cells that express the transcription factor Engrailed-1 (Eng1b in zebrafish, En1 in mouse; Saueressig et al, 1999;Higashijima et al, 2004) and, along with other more dorsal spinal interneurons, CiAs, like V1 cells, also express Pax2 (Burrill et al, 1997;.…”

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confidence: 99%

RNA profiling of FAC‐sorted neurons from the developing zebrafish spinal cord

Cerda

Hargrave

Lewis

2008

Developmental Dynamics

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In this report, we describe a successful protocol for isolating and expression-profiling live fluorescentprotein-labelled neurons from zebrafish embryos. As a proof-of-principle for this method, we FAC-sorted and RNA-profiled GFP-labelled spinal CiA interneurons and compared the expression profile of these cells to those of post-mitotic spinal neurons in general and to all trunk cells. We show that RNA of sufficient quality and quantity to uncover both expected and novel transcription profiles via Affymetrix microarray analysis can be extracted from 5,700 to 20,000 FAC-sorted cells. As part of this study, we also further confirm the genetic homology of mammalian and zebrafish V1 interneurons, by demonstrating that zebrafish V1 cells (CiAs) express genes that encode for the transcription factors Lhx1a and Lhx5. This protocol for dissociating, sorting and RNA-profiling neurons from organogenesis-stage zebrafish embryos should also be applicable to other developing organs and tissues and potentially other model organisms. Developmental Dynamics 238:150 -161, 2009.

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ST‐Elevation myocardial infarction as a complication of retrograde chronic total occlusion recanalization

Prayaga

Uretsky

Sachdeva

2011

Cathet Cardio Intervent

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With the advent of new tools and techniques including the retrograde approach, success rates for recanalization of chronic total occlusion (CTO) have improved. Numerous cardiac and extracardiac complications during retrograde CTO recanalization have been described. To date the development of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with retrograde recanalization as a result of atheroembolization has not been reported. We report such a case following retrograde recanalization of a totally occluded right coronary artery.

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Pax6andEngrailed 1Regulate Two Distinct Aspects of Renshaw Cell Development

Cited by 171 publications

References 48 publications

Target selection of proprioceptive and motor axon synapses on neonatal V1‐derived Ia inhibitory interneurons and Renshaw cells

Target selection of proprioceptive and motor axon synapses on neonatal V1‐derived Ia inhibitory interneurons and Renshaw cells

RNA profiling of FAC‐sorted neurons from the developing zebrafish spinal cord

ST‐Elevation myocardial infarction as a complication of retrograde chronic total occlusion recanalization

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