<i>Phytophthora alni</i> on <i>Alnus glutinosa</i> reported for the first time in Spain

Solla, Alejandro; Pérez‐Sierra, A.; Corcobado, Tamara; Haque, Mohammed Masum Ul; Diez, Julio J.; Jung, T.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2009.02254.x

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…As long as the insect vectors do not change their feeding preferences, the genetic resources of U. laevis are not really endangered by Dutch elm disease. After the great losses suffered by U. minor in the last decades, and with other riparian trees currently declining due to other fungal diseases (i.e., alder, Alnus glutinosa; Solla et al, 2010), conservation and promotion of U. laevis can be very valuable for the restoration and preservation of SW European riparian ecosystems.…”

Section: Regional Variation In Population Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Extending glacial refugia for a European tree: genetic markers show that Iberian populations of white elm are native relicts and not introductions

Fuentes-Utrilla¹,

Venturas²,

Hollingsworth³

et al. 2013

Heredity

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Conservation policies usually focus on in situ protection of native populations, a priority that requires accurate assessment of population status. Distinction between native and introduced status can be particularly difficult (and at the same time, is most important) for species whose natural habitat has become both rare and highly fragmented. Here, we address the status of the white elm (Ulmus laevis Pallas), a European riparian tree species whose populations have been fragmented by human activity and is protected wherever it is considered native. Small populations of this species are located in Iberia, where they are unprotected because they are considered introductions due to their rarity. However, Iberia and neighbouring regions in southwestern France have been shown to support discrete glacial refuge populations of many European trees, and the possibility remains that Iberian white elms are native relicts. We used chloroplast RFLPs and nuclear microsatellites to establish the relationship between populations in Iberia and the Central European core distribution. Bayesian approaches revealed significant spatial structure across populations. Those in Iberia and southwestern France shared alleles absent from Central Europe, and showed spatial population structure within Iberia common in recognized native taxa. Iberian populations show a demographic signature of ancient population bottlenecks, while those in Central European show a signature of recent population bottlenecks. These patterns are not consistent with historical introduction of white elm to Iberia, and instead strongly support native status, arguing for immediate implementation of conservation measures for white elm populations in Spain and contiguous areas of southern France.

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Section: Regional Variation In Population Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Extending glacial refugia for a European tree: genetic markers show that Iberian populations of white elm are native relicts and not introductions

Fuentes-Utrilla¹,

Venturas²,

Hollingsworth³

et al. 2013

Heredity

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“…alni has appeared as a highly aggressive pathogen on seeds and seedlings of A. glutinosa. The high aggressiveness of P. alni has been already stated by other authors in several European countries (Brasier et al, 1995;Gibbs, 1995;Szabó et al, 2000;Santini et al, 2001;Streito et al, 2002;Nagy et al, 2003;Jung and Blaschke, 2004;Cerný and Strnadová, 2010;Solla et al, 2010;Varela et al, 2010). Pathogenic ability of P. alni on seeds of A. glutinosa has been revealed from a similar laboratory test made by Schumacher et al (2006), where seeds were inoculated with a zoospore suspension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…For An extensive and rapid mortality of common alder was observed along many rivers of northern Spain (Tuset et al, 2006). Some years later of that observation, Phytophthora alni (Brasier and S.A. Kirk) was associated to cause that mortality in A. glutinosa (Solla et al, 2010;Varela et al, 2010). P. alni is an interspecific hybrid between Phytophthora cambivora (Petri) and an unknown Phytophthora similar to P. fragariae Hickman (Brasier et al, 1995(Brasier et al, , 2004, and it has been described as a host specific pathogen to alders spreading all over Europe.…”

Section: Phytophthora Isolates and Inoculum Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The association of P. alni in the decline and mortality process of alders has been the center point of several studies in different parts of the world (Gibbs, 1995;Gibbs et al, 1999;Santini et al, 2001;Brasier and Kirk, 2001;Brasier, 2003;Gibbs et al, 2003;Santini et al, 2003;Jung and Blaschke, 2004;Ioos et al, 2005;Cerný and Strnadová, 2010;Solla et al, 2010;Varela et al, 2010). Phytophthora decline of the riparian alder population has recently become an important problem in Spain because of the rapid spreading of the causal pathogen.…”

Section: Phytophthora Isolates and Inoculum Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…alni recovered in 2009 from diseased A. glutinosa trees growing along river Miño (Spain), which were isolated as described by Solla et al (2010), were used to inoculate seeds and seedlings. Besides, one isolate of each P. cinnamomi, P. citrophthora, P. nicotianae and P. palmivora (Supplied by the Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo [Mediterranean Institute of Agroforestry], Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain) were used in the experiments.…”

Section: Phytophthora Isolates and Inoculum Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Susceptibility of common alder (Alnus glutinosa) seeds and seedlings to Phytophthora alni and other Phytophthora species

Haque

2012

For. syst.

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Phytophthora alni is a highly destructive host specific pathogen to alders (Alnus spp.) spreading all over Europe. Recently this pathogen has been reported to cause diseases in common alder (Alnus glutinosa) in Spain. Seeds and seedlings of A. glutinosa were tested in vitro for their susceptibility to alder Phytophthora and other Phytophthora species. Isolates of P. alni ssp. alni, P. cinnamomi, P. citrophthora, P. nicotianae and P. palmivora were used in the experiments. Seeds and seedlings were inoculated with a zoospore suspension and uniform mycelial blocks of agar of the Phytophthora species. Susceptibility was calculated in terms of pathogen virulence on seed germination and seedling mortality 42 and 67 days after inoculation respectively. Seed germination and seedling mortality rates varied differently among the isolates used. Results implied that common alder and its seeds and seedlings are at risk to be infected by P. alni. In addition, other Phytophthora species are able to infect this kind of material showing their relative host non-specificity. This is one important finding concerning alder regeneration in infected areas, and the possibility of disease spread on this plant material.Key words: Alder diseases; virulence; zoospore suspension; V8 agar; forest pathology. ResumenSusceptibilidad de las semillas y brotes de aliso común (Alnus glutinosa) a Phytophthora alni y otras especies del género Phytophthora Phytophthora alni es un patógeno muy destructivo de los alisos (Alnus spp.) que se está expandiendo por toda Europa. Recientemente este patógeno ha sido citado como causante de enfermedades del aliso común (Alnus glutinosa) en España. Semillas y plántulas de A. glutinosa fueron analizadas in vitro para ver su susceptibilidad a Phytophthora alni y otras especies del género Phytophthora. En el experimento se usaron aislamientos de P. alni ssp. alni, P. cinnamomi, P. citrophthora, P. nicotianae y P. palmivora. Las semillas fueron inoculadas con una suspension de zoosporas mientras que las plántulas fueron inoculadas con bloques uniformes de micelio de agar de las especies de Phytophthora utilizadas. La susceptibilidad fue calculada evaluando la germinación de las semillas y la mortalidad de las plántulas después de 42 y 67 días tras la inoculación respectivamente. Los ratios de germinación de las semillas y de mortalidad de las plántulas variaron significativamente entre los aislamientos utilizados. Los resultados demostraron que el aliso común y sus semillas y plántulas tienen riesgo de ser infectados por P. alni. Además, otras especies de Phytophthora fueron capaces de infectar, lo que evidenció una relativa falta de especificidad por el hospedante. Estos datos son importantes por su transcendencia para la regenaración del aliso en las áreas infectadas, y la dispersión de la enfermedad en este material vegetal.

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Dieback and Replacement of Riparian Trees May Impact Stream Ecosystem Functioning

Alonso,

Boyero,

Solla

et al. 2024

Microb Ecol

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Alders are nitrogen (N)-fixing riparian trees that promote leaf litter decomposition in streams through their high-nutrient leaf litter inputs. While alders are widespread across Europe, their populations are at risk due to infection by the oomycete Phytophthora ×alni, which causes alder dieback. Moreover, alder death opens a space for the establishment of an aggressive N-fixing invasive species, the black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). Shifts from riparian vegetation containing healthy to infected alder and, eventually, alder loss and replacement with black locust may alter the key process of leaf litter decomposition and associated microbial decomposer assemblages. We examined this question in a microcosm experiment comparing three types of leaf litter mixtures: one representing an original riparian forest composed of healthy alder (Alnus lusitanica), ash (Fraxinus angustifolia), and poplar (Populus nigra); one with the same species composition where alder had been infected by P. ×alni; and one where alder had been replaced with black locust. The experiment lasted six weeks, and every two weeks, microbially driven decomposition, fungal biomass, reproduction, and assemblage structure were measured. Decomposition was highest in mixtures with infected alder and lowest in mixtures with black locust, reflecting differences in leaf nutrient concentrations. Mixtures with alder showed distinct fungal assemblages and higher sporulation rates than mixtures with black locust. Our results indicate that alder loss and its replacement with black locust may alter key stream ecosystem processes and assemblages, with important changes already occurring during alder infection. This highlights the importance of maintaining heathy riparian forests to preserve proper stream ecosystem functioning.

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Phytophthora alni on Alnus glutinosa reported for the first time in Spain

Cited by 31 publications

References 4 publications

Extending glacial refugia for a European tree: genetic markers show that Iberian populations of white elm are native relicts and not introductions

Extending glacial refugia for a European tree: genetic markers show that Iberian populations of white elm are native relicts and not introductions

Susceptibility of common alder (Alnus glutinosa) seeds and seedlings to Phytophthora alni and other Phytophthora species

Dieback and Replacement of Riparian Trees May Impact Stream Ecosystem Functioning

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