<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>
            Psl Is a Galactose- and Mannose-Rich Exopolysaccharide

Ma, Lüyan; Lu, Haiping; Sprinkle, April B.; Parsek, Matthew R.; Wozniak, Daniel J.

doi:10.1128/jb.00620-07

Cited by 156 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In accordance with the report by Sakuragi & Kolter (2007) that the Pel genes have very low expression levels at 37 u C, the seven Pel biosynthetic genes (PA3058-64) were hardly expressed under our conditions. Conversely, the genes encoding the exopolysaccharide Psl (Ma et al, 2006(Ma et al, , 2007 were all expressed, but the levels changed very little between the five groups of samples. Similarly, the expression of ladS and retS hardly changed between the samples, although the gene encoding RetS, which has been shown to be required for TTS, was approximately twice as highly expressed as the gene encoding LadS, which promotes biofilm formation (Goodman et al, 2004;Ventre et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Biofilms and type III secretion are not mutually exclusive in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Mikkelsen

Bond

Skindersoe³

et al. 2009

Microbiology

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that causes acute and chronic infections in immunocompromised individuals. It is also a model organism for bacterial biofilm formation. Acute infections are often associated with planktonic or free-floating cells, high virulence and fast growth. Conversely, chronic infections are often associated with the biofilm mode of growth, low virulence and slow growth that resembles that of planktonic cells in stationary phase. Biofilm formation and type III secretion have been shown to be reciprocally regulated, and it has been suggested that factors related to acute infection may be incompatible with biofilm formation. In a previous proteomic study of the interrelationships between planktonic cells, colonies and continuously grown biofilms, we showed that biofilms under the growth conditions applied are more similar to planktonic cells in exponential phase than to those in stationary phase. In the current study, we investigated how these conditions influence the production of virulence factors using a transcriptomic approach. Our results show that biofilms express the type III secretion system, whereas planktonic cells do not. This was confirmed by the detection of PcrV in the cellular and secreted fractions of biofilms, but not in those of planktonic cells. We also detected the type III effector proteins ExoS and ExoT in the biofilm effluent, but not in the supernatants of planktonic cells. Biofilm formation and type III secretion are therefore not mutually exclusive in P. aeruginosa, and biofilms could play a more active role in virulence than previously thought.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Biofilms and type III secretion are not mutually exclusive in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Mikkelsen

Bond

Skindersoe³

et al. 2009

Microbiology

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“…Carbohydrate and lectin staining analyses indicate that Psl is a mannose-and galactose-rich polysaccharide, however the precise Psl structure has not been elucidated [19,21,22]. This is an area requiring future research.…”

Section: Pslmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of polysaccharides in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development

Ryder

Byrd

Wozniak

2007

Current Opinion in Microbiology

514

385

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During the past decade, there has been a renewed interest in using P. aeruginosa as a model system for biofilm development and pathogenesis. Since the biofilm matrix represents a critical interface between the bacterium and the host or its environment, considerable effort has been expended to acquire a more complete understanding of the matrix composition. Here, we focus on recent developments regarding the roles of alginate, Psl, and Pel polysaccharides in the biofilm matrix.

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“…Two different loci that contribute to the exopolysaccharide components of the matrix in the nonmucoid P. aeruginosa strains have been identified. The pel locus (referring to pellicle, a biofilm formed at the air-medium interface), containing the genes pelA to -G, is responsible for synthesis of the glucose-rich component of the matrix, whereas the psl locus (polysaccharide synthesis locus), containing the genes pslA to -O, is responsible for the mannose-and galactose-rich component (93,94,149,208,215). Both of these polysaccharides contribute to biofilm formation by mediating both cell-cell interactions (those that are likely to be present in the pellicle) and cell-surface interactions (94,331).…”

Section: Composition Of the Biofilm Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signals, Regulatory Networks, and Materials That Build and Break Bacterial Biofilms

Karatan

Watnick

2009

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

877

690

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SUMMARY Biofilms are communities of microorganisms that live attached to surfaces. Biofilm formation has received much attention in the last decade, as it has become clear that virtually all types of bacteria can form biofilms and that this may be the preferred mode of bacterial existence in nature. Our current understanding of biofilm formation is based on numerous studies of myriad bacterial species. Here, we review a portion of this large body of work including the environmental signals and signaling pathways that regulate biofilm formation, the components of the biofilm matrix, and the mechanisms and regulation of biofilm dispersal.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa Psl Is a Galactose- and Mannose-Rich Exopolysaccharide

Cited by 156 publications

References 25 publications

Biofilms and type III secretion are not mutually exclusive in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Biofilms and type III secretion are not mutually exclusive in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Role of polysaccharides in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development

Signals, Regulatory Networks, and Materials That Build and Break Bacterial Biofilms

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