Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim 70% ethanol eluted fraction ameliorates inflammation and oxidative stress in LPS‐induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo

Abstract

Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim (PUM) is a popular fruit among consumers, and also used as medical diet for dissolving phlegm and arresting cough. The present study aims to investigate the potential protective effect of P. ussuriensis Maxim 70% ethanol eluted fraction (PUM70) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced alveolar macrophages and acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. A total of 18 polyphenol compounds were tentatively identified in PUM70 by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. The results in vivo suggested that PUM70 treatment could effectively alleviate the histological changes, and significantly inhibit the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6)). The cell test results show that PUM70 exerted its protective effect by suppressing the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels (inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and decreasing nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin 2 (PGE2) contents. In addition, it also inhibited the overproduction of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6). Furthermore, PUM70 induced the production of heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) protein and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2), indicating that PUM70 could mitigate oxidative injury via the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway. Moreover, PUM70 inhibited LPS‐induced inflammation by blocking the phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The above results indicate that PUM70 has protective effects on LPS‐induced ALI, possibly be related to the inhibition of MAPK and Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathways.

A comparison of the mineral element content of 70 different varieties of pear fruit (Pyrus ussuriensis) in China

“…Previous research has been conducted on pear germplasm resources using agronomic and quality traits ( Zheng et al, 2022 ; Wu et al, 2018 ; Niu et al, 2019 ; Gong et al, 2020 ), Relevant fruit research has found that there are many ascorbic acids, flavonoids, sugars, organic acids and minerals (K, P, Mg, Ca) and other bioactive substances that are beneficial to human health ( Hou et al, 2022 ; Li et al, 2018a ; Adhikary et al, 2020 ; Sun et al, 2021 ; Che, Yamaji & Ma, 2018 ). Both Chinese traditional medicine and international modern medicine believe that pears have an antioxidant effect and are capable of lowering blood pressure, moistening the lungs, resolving phlegm clearing heat and detoxification the body, Eating pears regular can help supplement the nutrition needed by the human body, and may even have medicinal value ( Wang et al, 2015 ; Li et al, 2014 ; Peng et al, 2023 ; Ogita et al, 2020 ; Bajwa et al, 2015 ). With the increased enthusiasm for healthy, sustainable food and the acceleration of farming technology the importance of pear cultivation as an industry has increased in many places ( Zhang, Zhang & Gao, 2012 ; Li et al, 2018b ).…”