<i>Pythium</i> and <i>Phytopythium</i> Species in Two Pennsylvania Greenhouse Irrigation Water Tanks

Choudhary, Carla E; Burgos-Garay, Maria L.; Moorman, Gary W.; Hong, Chuanxue

doi:10.1094/pdis-07-15-0836-re

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Most species in Clade F grow very fast [22], and this fast growth pattern was proved in the present study. Clade A with mainly aquatic species [40,41] was not found in the present study.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 70%

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PhytopythiumandPythiumSpecies (Oomycota) Isolated from Freshwater Environments of Korea

Nam

Choi

2019

Mycobiology

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Oomycetes are widely distributed in various environments, including desert and polar regions. Depending upon different habits and hosts, they have evolved with both saprophytic and pathogenic nutritional modes. Freshwater ecosystem is one of the most important habitats for members of oomycetes. Most studies on oomycete diversity, however, have been biased mostly towards terrestrial phytopathogenic species, rather than aquatic species, although their roles as saprophytes and parasites are essential for freshwater ecosystems. In this study, we isolated oomycete strains from soil sediment, algae, and decaying plant debris in freshwater streams of Korea. The strains were identified based on cultural and morphological characteristics, as well as molecular phylogenetic analyses of ITS rDNA, cox1, and cox2 mtDNA sequences. As a result, we discovered eight oomycete species previously unknown in Korea, namely Phytopythium chamaehyphon, Phytopythium litorale, Phytopythium vexans, Pythium diclinum, Pythium heterothallicum, Pythium inflatum, Pythium intermedium, and Pythium oopapillum. Diversity and ecology of freshwater oomycetes in Korea are poorly understood. This study could contribute to understand their distribution and ecological function in freshwater ecosystem.

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“…Most species in Clade F grow very fast [22], and this fast growth pattern was proved in the present study. Clade A with mainly aquatic species [40,41] was not found in the present study.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 70%

“…cucurbitacearum by having non-papillate sporangia [21]. This species was previously isolated from irrigation water tanks in a greenhouse, with a pathogenicity on greenhouse crops [41].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PhytopythiumandPythiumSpecies (Oomycota) Isolated from Freshwater Environments of Korea

Nam

Choi

2019

Mycobiology

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“…The latter demonstrates that the heterogeneity of environmental conditions has likely contributed to the observed differences in richness and composition of fungal communities in different forest nurseries (Figures 1 and 2; Tables 2 and 3). This is in agreement with similar studies on aquatic fungi for which the diversity and composition may change depending on the source, location, and time of the year [52][53][54][55]. Indeed, as the sampling at different sites was carried out both in the autumn (Anykščiai, Kretinga and Dubrava) and in the spring (Trakai) (Table 1), the possibility should not be excluded that this has also contributed to the observed variation in richness and the composition of fungal communities among different forest nurseries.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Alternatively, this can partly be due to PCR biases that selected for shorter fragments of fungal DNA. Nevertheless, the oomycete diversity in the irrigation water may change depending on environmental conditions and the time of the year, as these factors may affect the survival and activity of individual taxa, and thus, may affect the degree of plant infections [6,16,[52][53][54][55]75,76].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi and Oomycetes in the Irrigation Water of Forest Nurseries

Marčiulynas

Marčiulynienė

Lynikienė

et al. 2020

Forests

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The aim of the present study was to assess fungal and oomycete communities in the irrigation water of forest nurseries, focusing on plant pathogens in the hope of getting a better understanding of potential pathogenic microorganisms and spreading routes in forest nurseries. The study sites were at Anykščiai, Dubrava, Kretinga and Trakai state forest nurseries in Lithuania. For the collection of microbial samples, at each nursery five 100-L water samples were collected from the irrigation ponds and filtered. Following DNA isolation from the irrigation water filtrate samples, these were individually amplified using ITS rDNA as a marker and subjected to PacBio high-throughput sequencing. Clustering in the SCATA pipeline and the taxonomic classification of 24,006 high-quality reads showed the presence of 1286 non-singleton taxa. Among those, 895 were representing fungi and oomycetes. The detected fungi were 57.3% Ascomycota, 38.1% Basidiomycota, 3.1% Chytridiomycota, 0.8% Mucoromycota and 0.7% Oomycota. The most common fungi were Malassezia restricta E. Guého, J. Guillot & Midgley (20.1% of all high-quality fungal sequences), Pezizella discreta (P. Karst.) Dennis (10.8%) and Epicoccum nigrum Link (4.9%). The most common oomycetes were Phytopythium cf. citrinum (B. Paul) Abad, de Cock, Bala, Robideau, Lodhi & Lévesque (0.4%), Phytophthora gallica T. Jung & J. Nechwatal (0.05%) and Peronospora sp. 4248_322 (0.05%). The results demonstrated that the irrigation water used by forest nurseries was inhabited by a species-rich but largely site-specific communities of fungi. Plant pathogens were relatively rare, but, under suitable conditions, these can develop rapidly, spread efficiently through the irrigation system and be a threat to the production of high-quality tree seedlings.

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“…Evidence for plant pathogenicity of P. litorale is mixed. Phytopythium litorale is commonly isolated from irrigation ponds in Georgia where it was shown to cause seedling damping-off and fruit rot of squash (Cucurbita pepo) (Parkunan and Ji, 2013), but isolates from greenhouse water tanks in Pennsylvania were not pathogenic in assays with geranium (Pelargonium ·hortorum) seedlings (Choudhary et al, 2016). It is not known if P. litorale is causing disease in Nursery B.…”

Section: Case Studies Nursery a (Oregon) Nurserymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazard Analysis for Phytophthora Species in Container Nurseries: Three Case Studies

Parke¹,

Redekar²,

Eberhart³

et al. 2019

hortte

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Phytophthora species cause crop losses and reduce the quality of greenhouse and nursery plants. Phytophthora species can also be moved long distances by the plant trade, potentially spreading diseases to new hosts and habitats. Phytosanitary approaches based on quarantines and endpoint inspections have reduced, but not eliminated, the spread of Phytophthora species from nurseries. It is therefore important for plant production facilities to identify potential sources of contamination and to take corrective measures to prevent disease. We applied a systems approach to identify sources of contamination in three container nurseries in Oregon, California, and South Carolina. Surface water sources and recaptured runoff water were contaminated with plant pathogenic species at all three nurseries, but one nursery implemented an effective disinfestation treatment for recycled irrigation water. Other sources of contamination included cull piles and compost that were incorporated into potting media, infested soil and gravel beds, used containers, and plant returns. Management recommendations include preventing contact between containers and contaminated ground, improving drainage, pasteurizing potting media ingredients, steaming used containers, and quarantine and testing of incoming plants for Phytophthora species. These case studies illustrate how recycled irrigation water can contribute to the spread of waterborne pathogens and highlight the need to implement nursery management practices to reduce disease risk.

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Pythium and Phytopythium Species in Two Pennsylvania Greenhouse Irrigation Water Tanks

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

PhytopythiumandPythiumSpecies (Oomycota) Isolated from Freshwater Environments of Korea

PhytopythiumandPythiumSpecies (Oomycota) Isolated from Freshwater Environments of Korea

Fungi and Oomycetes in the Irrigation Water of Forest Nurseries

Hazard Analysis for Phytophthora Species in Container Nurseries: Three Case Studies

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