Retracted: Use of Decellularized Scaffolds Combined with Hyaluronic Acid and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor for Skin Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Skin damage is one of the common clinical skin diseases, and the main cure is the use of skin graft, especially for large area of skin injury or deep-skin damage. However, skin graft demand is far greater than that currently available. In this study, xenogeneic decellularized scaffold was prepared with pig peritoneum by a series of biochemical treatments to retain normal three-dimensional tissue scaffold and remove cells and antigenic components from the tissue. Scaffold was combined with hyaluronic acid (HA) plus two different concentrations of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and tested for its use for the repair of skin wounds. HA enhanced bFGF to adsorb to the decellularized scaffolds and slowed the release of bFGF from the scaffolds in vitro. A total of 20 rabbits were sacrificed on day 3, 6, 11, or 14 postsurgery. The wound healing rate and the thickness of dermis layer of each wound were determined for analyzing the wound repair. Statistical analysis was performed by the two-tailed Student's t-test. Wounds covered with scaffolds containing 1 mg/mL bFGF had higher wound healing rates of 47.24%, 74.69%, and 87.54%, respectively, for days 6, 11, and 14 postsurgery than scaffolds alone with wound healing rates of 28.17%, 50.31%, and 61.36% and vaseline oil gauze with wound healing rates of 24.84%, 42.75%, and 57.62%. Wounds covered with scaffolds containing 1 mg/mL bFGF showed more dermis regeneration than the other wounds and had dermis layer of 210.60, 374.40, and 774.20 mm, respectively, for days 6, 11, and 14 postsurgery compared with scaffolds alone with dermis layer of 116.60, 200.00, and 455.40 mm and vaseline oil gauze with dermis layer of 82.60, 186.20, and 384.40 mm. There was no significant difference in wound healing rates and thickness of dermis layer between wounds covered with scaffolds containing 1 and 3 mg/mL bFGF on days 3, 6, 11, and 14 postsurgery. The decellularized scaffolds combined with HA and bFGF can be further tested for skin tissue engineering.

Progress in developing decellularized bioscaffolds for enhancing skin construction

“…Takami et al applied trypsin containing EDTA or dispase to remove the epithelium and many of the cells in the hair follicles and glands, then used Triton X-100 to remove the left cells and cell debris. 25,27,28,72 Both methods showed the effectiveness of decellularization. 25,27,28,72 Both methods showed the effectiveness of decellularization.…”

“…Because basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) promote wound repair 74,75 but show a short half-life in vivo, decellularized peritoneum was combined with these two growth factors to accelerate wound healing of full-thickness wounds. 27,28,72 The wound healing rate was 70%, and epidermal formation was obvious postsurgery. The decellularized peritoneum achieved good results to a certain extent, although dermal formation was not achieved due to the monolayer nature of the material.…”

“…ECM components are often preserved and are relatively intact after decellularization 73 [ Fig. 27,28,72 The wound healing rate was 70%, and epidermal formation was obvious postsurgery. Because basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) promote wound repair 74,75 but show a short half-life in vivo, decellularized peritoneum was combined with these two growth factors to accelerate wound healing of full-thickness wounds.…”

“…94 28 and the peritoneal scaffold was composed of the compact and long fibers and contained no cells (B). 72 Decellularized intestinal was harvested (C) and Picro-Sirius red/Miller's elastin-stained section showed all histological layers (D). 33 Decellularized SIEA flap was harvested (E), and the immunohistochemical staining of MHC-I revealed the removal of alloantigenicity from the acellular skin flap (F).…”

Special Collection: Closing the Gaps in Skin Wound Healing

“…For example, a bFGF/decellularised pig peritoneal membrane construct that has the potential for off-the-shelf use is presented (8), as well as the use of a novel stimulatory factor, Macrophage Stimulating Protein (MSP) (9). (9).…”