<i>Rickettsiales</i>

Harrus, Shimon; Waner, Trevor; and, S. Mahan; Bark, Hylton

doi:10.1002/9780470344903.ch31

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…However, German shepherd dogs were over‐represented, and 59 per cent of the dogs that died of the disease were of this breed. These findings support the hypothesis that German shepherd dogs are more susceptible to the disease (Nyindo and others 1980, Harrus and others 1997) and that in this breed the disease is more severe and life threatening, with a poorer prognosis. It was notable that crossbreed dogs were significantly under‐represented, suggesting they are more resistant to the disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The differences between the studies may be attributed to the dogs being at different stages of the disease when examined by the clinician. Lymphadenomegaly is usually noticed during the acute stage of the disease, but is rarely seen in the chronic state (Harrus and others 1997). It is possible that more acute cases were included in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, three strains of E canis have been isolated and genetically characterised: the Florida (GenBank accession number m 73226), Oklahoma ( m 73221) and Israeli ( u 26740) strains (Keysary and others 1996). The clinical signs of the disease may vary between different geographical regions owing to strain variations (Harrus and others 1997). Several retrospective studies describing the disease in the usa and South Africa have been published (Troy and others 1980, Waddle and Littman 1980, Van‐Heerden 1982).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis: a retrospective study of 100 cases, and an epidemiological investigation of prognostic indicators for the disease

et al. 1997

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One hundred cases of monocytic ehrlichiosis diagnosed in Israeli dogs were confirmed by the presence of anti-Ehrlichia canis indirect immunofluorescent antibody titres greater than 1:40. The disease occurred in all age groups and there was no sex predilection. German shepherd dogs were significantly over-represented whereas crossbreed dogs were significantly under-represented (P > 0.0005). The most common clinical signs were depression, lethargy, lymphadenomegaly, fever, anorexia, panting, pale mucous membranes and bleeding, of which epistaxis was most common. Thrombocytopenia, anaemia (mainly normocytic normochromic) and lymphopenia were the predominant haematological findings. Forty-nine of the 100 cases were followed up for a year. Thirty-two dogs survived and 17 died. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to examine the effect of host, environmental, and haematological prognostic factors on survival. It was concluded that severe anaemia, severe leucopenia, pancytopenia, a tendency to bleed (especially epistaxis) and being a German shepherd dog were important indicators of poor survival in cases of monocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis: a retrospective study of 100 cases, and an epidemiological investigation of prognostic indicators for the disease

et al. 1997

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“…Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the causative agent of granulocytic anaplasmosis (ehrlichiosis) in humans, horses, sheep, cattle, dogs, and cats ( 1 ). Although serologic evidence for the presence of A. phagocytophilum in humans ( 2 ), jackals ( 3 ), and domestic dogs ( 4 ) has been available in Israel since 1999, no direct verification has been presented to confirm its occurrence.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Evidence forAnaplasma phagocytophilumin Israel

Keysary

Massung

Inbar

et al. 2007

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…In the Judean area of Israel the tick Ixodes eldaricus has been identified on sheep (Yeruham et al., 1996). Ixodes ricinus is the vector of A. phagocytophilum in Europe, causing tick‐borne fever in ruminants and is considered as the vector of human granulocytic ehrlichiciosis (Harrus et al., 2004). To date, this tick has not been identified in Israel and no confirmed clinical cases of A. phagocytophilum infections have been reported in dogs, ruminants, equines or humans in Israel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum among Healthy Dogs and Horses in Israel

Levi

Waner

Baneth

et al. 2006

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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The presence of reacting antibodies to Anaplasma phagocytophilum has previously been demonstrated in Israel, both in humans and the golden jackal (Canis aureus syriacus). This study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of A. phagocytophilum antibodies in two additional potential hosts, domestic dogs and horses in order to investigate the possibility of exposure to the organism in Israel. Of 195 dogs tested, 9% were seroreactive with A. phagocytophilum antigen and 30% were seroreactive to Ehrlichia canis. Twenty-nine percent of the dogs seropositive for E. canis were also reactive to A. phagocytophilum. Two dogs had immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) antibody titres for A. phagocytophilum greater than E. canis. The equine serological survey (n = 300) revealed no seroreactive horses. The results presented in this study suggest that dogs in Israel could have been accidentally exposed to A. phagocytophilum, for example by ticks carried on migrating birds, however, the possibility of cross-reaction with E. canis should also be considered. In spite of the high prevalence of ticks on horses in Israel during the summer months, no evidence for exposure to A. phagocytophilum was apparent.

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Rickettsiales

Cited by 3 publications

References 109 publications

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis: a retrospective study of 100 cases, and an epidemiological investigation of prognostic indicators for the disease

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis: a retrospective study of 100 cases, and an epidemiological investigation of prognostic indicators for the disease

Molecular Evidence forAnaplasma phagocytophilumin Israel

Seroprevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum among Healthy Dogs and Horses in Israel

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