s-Allyl Cysteine, s-Ethyl Cysteine, and s-Propyl Cysteine Alleviate β-Amyloid, Glycative, and Oxidative Injury in Brain of Mice Treated by <scp>d</scp>-Galactose

Tsai, Shih Jei; Chiu, Chuan-Sung; Yang, Hui; Yin, Mei

doi:10.1021/jf201160a

Cited by 44 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…The CML formations in the ELISA data (Figure 2(C)) were comparable to those of the immune stains (Figure 2(B)) in Western blotting. The D -glc or D -gal was reported to react with proteins/peptides both in vitro and in vivo , as well as with their metabolized intermediates such as glyoxal or MGO, leading to AGE formations through nonenzymatic glycation (Song et al 1999;Parameshwaran et al 2010;Tsai et al 2011). The reaction rate of D -gal is approximately 4.7-fold of the reactivity of D -glc toward hemoglobin in vitro (Burn and Higgins 1981).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory activities of acteoside, isoacteoside, and its structural constituents against protein glycation in vitro

Liu

Han

et al. 2013

Bot Stud

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BackgroundAdvanced glycation end products (AGE) are substances that can induce insulin resistance in adipocyte, hepatocyte and muscle cells. This resistance correlates highly with cardiovascular disease and diabetic complications. Acteoside (A), a phenylethanoid glycoside, is an active compound in several plants and traditional herbal medicines. Acteoside, its structural isomer, isoacteoside (I), and their constituents, caffeic acid (C) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (D), were used in the study to investigate the inhibitory activity against AGE formations in vitro.ResultsAGE formations were detected by anti-(Nϵ-(carboxymethyl)lysine (anti-CML), using bovine serum albumin (BSA)/glucose (glc) and BSA/galactose (gal) as models, or by anti-argpyrimidine (anti-AP), using BSA/methylglyoxal (MGO) as models. It was found that A, I, C, or D, each at 5 mM, could attenuate the CML formations detected by ELISA in the BSA/gal model of a 3-day or 5-day reaction, and showed significant differences (P < 0.01 or P < 0.001) compared to the control. However, these compounds showed a minor effect after a 7-day incubation. It was also found that C or D could lower the CML formations in the BSA/glc model and showed significant differences (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) compared to the control after a 3-day, 5-day and 7-day reaction. It was found that A, I, C, or D, each at 0.5 mM or 5 mM, could attenuate the AP formations in the BSA/MGO model of a 3-day reaction and showed significant differences (P < 0.001) compared to the control.ConclusionsThe results suggest the potential anti-glycation activities of A and I in vitro may apply to cell models at higher glucose concentrations or to diabetic animal models, and need further investigation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1999-3110-54-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory activities of acteoside, isoacteoside, and its structural constituents against protein glycation in vitro

Liu

Han

et al. 2013

Bot Stud

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“…D-Galactose induces AD-like pathological changes in the brain, including increased reactive oxygen species, decreased antioxidant enzyme activity, and enhanced A β -peptide expression. SAC decreased the brain levels of A β 1–40 and A β 1–42 , lowered amyloid precursor protein level and BACE1 expressions and activities (both of them being factors responsible for A β accumulation and AD progression), retained PKC activity and expression of PKC- α and PKC- γ , lowered A β accumulation, reduced the levels of advanced glycation end products (carboxymethyllysine, pentosidine), lowered aldose reductase activity and expression (an enzyme that facilitates the production of sorbitol and fructose, which in turn promote advanced glycation end products formation and glycative stress), and displayed antioxidant protection (evidenced by increased reduced glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities, accompanied by decreased levels of malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species, and protein carbonyls) [105]. …”

Section: Neuroprotective Effects Of Sacmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antioxidant Mechanisms Underlying the Aged Garlic Extract- and S-Allylcysteine-Induced Protection

Colín-González

Santana-Martínez

Silva-Islas

et al. 2012

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

247

188

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Aged garlic extract (AGE) is an odorless garlic preparation containing S-allylcysteine (SAC) as its most abundant compound. A large number of studies have demonstrated the antioxidant activity of AGE and SAC in both in vivo—in diverse experimental animal models associated to oxidative stress—and in vitro conditions—using several methods to scavenge reactive oxygen species or to induce oxidative damage. Derived from these experiments, the protective effects of AGE and SAC have been associated with the prevention or amelioration of oxidative stress. In this work, we reviewed different antioxidant mechanisms (scavenging of free radicals and prooxidant species, induction of antioxidant enzymes, activation of Nrf2 factor, inhibition of prooxidant enzymes, and chelating effects) involved in the protective actions of AGE and SAC, thereby emphasizing their potential use as therapeutic agents. In addition, we highlight the ability of SAC to activate Nrf2 factor—a master regulator of the cellular redox state. Here, we include original data showing the ability of SAC to activate Nrf2 factor in cerebral cortex. Therefore, we conclude that the therapeutic properties of these molecules comprise cellular and molecular mechanisms at different levels.

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“…(33,34) Based on these findings, these compounds could be potent agents against the progression of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, via their anti-amyloid beta, antiglycative, and antioxidative effects respectively. DJ-1 and Cu/Zn-SOD are both tightly connected to the Nrf2 protein, which is a transcription factor and master regulator for the expression of many antioxidant/detoxification genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

S-allyl cysteine ameliorates the quality of sperm and provides protection from age-related sperm dysfunction and oxidative stress in rats

Takemura

Naito

Takagi

et al. 2014

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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Reactive oxygen species play a central role in the pathophysiology of the age-related decrease in male fertility. It has been reported that the total protein of DJ-1 was decreased in a proteomic analysis of seminal plasma from asthenozoospermia patients and a DJ-1 protein acts as a sensor of cellular redox homeostasis. Therefore, we evaluated the age-related changes in the ratio of the oxidized/reduced forms of the DJ-1 protein in the epididymis. In addition, the protective effects of S-allyl cysteine (SAC), a potent antioxidant, were evaluated against sperm dysfunction. Male rats aged 15–75 weeks were used to assess age-associated sperm function and oxidative stress. Sperm count increased until 25 weeks, but then decreased at 50 and 75 weeks. The rate of sperm movement at 75 weeks was decreased to approximately 60% of the rate observed at 25 weeks. Expression of DJ-1 decreased, but oxidized-DJ-1 increased with age. In addition, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal modified proteins in the epididymis increased until 50 weeks of age. The total number and DNA synthetic potential of the sperm increased until 25 weeks, and then decreased. In rats 75 weeks of age, SAC (0.45% diet) attenuated the decrease in the number, motility, and DNA synthesis of sperm and inhibited the oxidized proteins. These results suggest that SAC ameliorates the quality of sperm subjected to age-associated oxidative stress.

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s-Allyl Cysteine, s-Ethyl Cysteine, and s-Propyl Cysteine Alleviate β-Amyloid, Glycative, and Oxidative Injury in Brain of Mice Treated by d-Galactose

Cited by 44 publications

References 32 publications

Inhibitory activities of acteoside, isoacteoside, and its structural constituents against protein glycation in vitro

Inhibitory activities of acteoside, isoacteoside, and its structural constituents against protein glycation in vitro

The Antioxidant Mechanisms Underlying the Aged Garlic Extract- and S-Allylcysteine-Induced Protection

S-allyl cysteine ameliorates the quality of sperm and provides protection from age-related sperm dysfunction and oxidative stress in rats

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