<i>Salix</i>taxonomy in Europe – problems, interpretations, observations

Rechinger, K. H.

doi:10.1017/s0269727000007417

Cited by 27 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Given the extent and pattern of haplotype sharing among the species, these explanations seem less likely than hybridisation. Nonmolecular data support hybridisation between many pairs from the first group and also between S. alba and S. fragilis (Tutin et al, 1964;Meikle, 1992;Rechinger, 1992). Salix phylogenies based on ITS sequences (Leskinen and Alströ m-Rapaport, 1999) showed that, although the differentiation among Salix species was generally low, S. alba and S. fragilis belonged to a separate clade.…”

Section: Hybridisationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The IG (1.05) is in this case much higher than the expected value (0.50) indicating local hybridisation and introgression. Hybrids between these two species have also been identified with traditional methods (Meikle, 1984;Rechinger, 1992) and there may be plenty of opportunity for hybridisation due to their largely overlapping distributions (Jalas et al, 1996).…”

Section: Hybridisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absence of geographical structure of chloroplast DNA variation in sallow, Salix caprea L.

2003

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In the present study, we have used PCR-RFLP markers to investigate the chloroplast DNA variation in 24 European populations of Salix caprea L. A subset of these populations has also been analysed with chloroplast microsatellites. The main feature of both markers is the absence of a clear geographic structure (G ST(PCR-RFLP) ¼ 0.090, G ST(microsatellites) ¼ À0.017) and high levels of variation within populations. This lack of phylogeographic structure in S. caprea is suggested to be the consequence of the joint action of several factors: (i) presence of intermediate latitude refugia with large population sizes during the last glacial maximum, (ii) a high speed of recolonisation and dispersal ability, (iii) a high mutation rate and (iv) extensive hybridisation with other willow species. In addition to the S. caprea samples, a limited number of individuals from several other Salix species were also analysed with PCR-RFLP: S. cinerea, S. aurita, S. purpurea, S. atrocinerea, S. appendiculata, S. elaeagnos, S. fragilis and S. alba. Many of the haplotypes found in Salix caprea were also detected in S. cinerea, S. aurita, S. purpurea, S. atrocinerea and/ or S. appendiculata but not in S. alba, S. elaeagnos or S. fragilis. Our data suggest that hybridisation and gene flow have occurred within these two groups but not between them.

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Section: Hybridisationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Hybridisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of geographical structure of chloroplast DNA variation in sallow, Salix caprea L.

2003

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“…In the BGB of the individuals of Salix spp. there was a large proportion of stems that penetrated deeply into the sediment (Rechinger, 1992). This is probably due to the embedding of trunks as a result of previous floods.…”

Section: Morphological Characteristics Of Trees Against Washingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal tree colonization in a midstream sediment bar and the mechanisms governing tree mortality during a flood event

Asaeda

Gomes

Takeda

2009

River Research & Apps

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Reduced disturbances in regulated rivers can result in stable tree colonisation in downstream reaches. We examined spatial and temporal tree colonisation on a midstream sediment bar, focussing on three dominant taxa: Salix spp. (primarily Salix gilgiana), Robinia pseudoacacia and Albizia julibrissin. We developed allometric relationships for tree height, tree age and tree diameter at breast and knee height, as well as relationships between above and below-ground biomass. The spatial profiles for all individual trees of these taxa were obtained before and after a major flood in September 2007. Pre-flood data indicate that R. pseudoacacia colonize the highest elevations, A. julibrissin lower elevations and Salix spp. the lowest elevations of the three taxa. The oldest trees at each elevation were found to have survived 1.8-2.5 m inundation in past floods. Results of investigations subsequent to the flood event in September 2007 suggest that trees can survive flooding as long as their roots remain embedded in the soil. Individuals of Salix spp. experienced higher levels of inundation, but showed the greatest survival. This is probably due to morphological acclimations, particularly deep root systems and high elasticity of shoots. Considering inundation depths, erosion depths and sediment particle sizes in tree habitats, we found that sediment mobilization was the major cause of tree mortality. Thus, the ability of Salix spp. to colonize coarse sediments greatly contributed to its survival, as coarse sediments result in significantly less tractive force.

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“…In Canada and the United States, hybridization appears to be rare (Dorn 1976) or at least "probably not as common as previously suspected" (Argus 1986). Meikle (1984Meikle ( , 1992 and Rechinger (1992) distinguished two hybrid groups: rare primary hybrids of scattered occurrence, and widespread hybrids grouped in swarms occurring where the parental areas overlap. Primary Salix hybrids are said to occur frequently when their parents are growing in areas either heavily disturbed by man or influenced by major natural disruptions such as flooding (Dorn 1976;Meikle 1984Meikle , 1992Rechinger 1992).…”

Section: Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear DNA amount in pure species and hybrid willows (Salix): a flow cytometric investigation

Thibault¹

1998

Can. J. Bot.

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Flow cytometry (FCM) has been used to estimate the nuclear DNA content of 11 Salix species and 5 hybrids. One hundred and sixty nine individuals were studied including 159 individuals from a sequence of 32 communities along a stretch of river in France and 10 individuals from French and English collections for comparison. Isolated nuclei were stained with propidium iodide. FCM was a significantly more practical and rapid technique than that of establishing the karyotype to survey many samples of Salix for variation in ploidy. The 2C DNA amounts for diploid species ranged from 0.76 to 0.98 pg, and tetraploid values ranged from 1.62 to 1.80 pg. The DNA values were consistent with the known ploidy levels. With the exception of a doubtful Salix ×quercifolia, ploidy levels and DNA amounts of hybrids were intermediate compared with those of their parents. Intraspecific variation of nuclear DNA values including instrumental variation was low (i.e., 6-11% at the same ploidy level). FCM appeared to be an accurate tool for determination of Salix triploid hybrids. However, it remains limited concerning hybrids from crosses between species of the same ploidy level. Results suggest that natural hybridization might not be frequent in the communities studied, although they have been subject to disturbance. Previous overestimates of hybridization frequency in willows were probably due to misinterpretation of the effects of the environment on Salix spp. morphology; however, the extent and mechanisms of introgression in the genus remain to be further investigated.Résumé : La cytométrie en flux (CMF) a été utilisée pour estimer la quantité d'ADN nucléaire de 11 espèces de Salix et 5 hybrides. Cent soixante neuf individus ont été étudiés dont 159 issus de 32 peuplements établis le long d'une section de rivière française et 10 originaires de deux collections française et anglaise analysés à titre de comparaison. Les noyaux ont été isolés et colorés à l'iodure de propidium. La CMF était une technique significativement plus pratique et plus rapide que l'établissement des caryotypes pour l'étude des variations de ploïdie de plusieurs échantillons de Salix. Les quantités 2C d'ADN variaient de 0,76 à 0,98 pg pour les espèces diploïdes et de 1,62 à 1,80 pg pour les tétraploïdes. Les valeurs d'ADN et les niveaux de ploïdie concordaient. À l'exception d'un Salix ×quercifolia douteux, les niveaux de ploïdie et les quantités d'ADN des hybrides étaient intermédiaires comparés à ceux de leurs parents. Incluant les variations expérimentales, les variations intraspécifiques des valeurs d'ADN étaient faibles (i.e., 6-11% dans un même niveau de ploïdie). La CMF est apparue être un outil précis pour la détermination des hybrides triploïdes, mais elle reste limitée en ce qui concerne les hybrides issus d'un croisement entre espèces de même niveau de ploïdie. Les résultats suggèrent que l'hybridation naturelle n'est pas fréquente dans les peuplements étudiés et ce malgré les perturbations auxquelles ils sont soumis. Les précédentes sur-estimations de ...

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Salixtaxonomy in Europe – problems, interpretations, observations

Cited by 27 publications

References 8 publications

Absence of geographical structure of chloroplast DNA variation in sallow, Salix caprea L.

Absence of geographical structure of chloroplast DNA variation in sallow, Salix caprea L.

Spatial and temporal tree colonization in a midstream sediment bar and the mechanisms governing tree mortality during a flood event

Nuclear DNA amount in pure species and hybrid willows (Salix): a flow cytometric investigation

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