<i>Salmonella enteritidis</i> phage type 4 from the contents of intact eggs: a study involving naturally infected hens

Humphrey, T. J.; Baskerville, A.; Mawer, S. L.; Rowe, B.; Hopper, SA

doi:10.1017/s0950268800030818

Cited by 235 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The pH of the albumen was tested with Whatman indicator paper (full range pH [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Laboratory safety regulations precluded the use of a pH meter with material contaminated with salmonellas.…”

Section: Salmonella In Hens' Eggysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reasons behind the emergence of this problem are not fully understood. S. enteritidis may contaminate the egg either through the chickens' ovaries becoming infected such that the yolk is contaminated before laying -transovarian transmission [6][7][8][9][10], or through transient intestinal infection of laying birds leading to shells becoming contaminated after laying [11,12]. The present study was concerned with the latter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth ofSalmonella enteritidisin artificially contaminated hens' shell eggs

Clay

Board

1991

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYThe effect of some factors on the growth of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 in artificially contaminated shell eggs was investigated.Salmonella enteritidis was found to be resistant to the antimicrobial properties of the albumen. Growth occurred on storage at 25 'C but not at 4 or 10 'C. The rate and extent of infection was influenced by the size of inoculum, the site of contamination relative to yolk movement, and the presence of iron in the inoculum.

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Section: Salmonella In Hens' Eggysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth ofSalmonella enteritidisin artificially contaminated hens' shell eggs

Clay

Board

1991

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…Hens with subclinical infection of the reproductive tract can transmit the bacteria in intact shell eggs [7]. Between 1985 and 1989, 78 % of S. enteritidis outbreaks in the United States in which a food vehicle was identified implicated foods containing raw or lightly cooked eggs [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison ofSalmonella enteritidisphage types from egg-associated outbreaks and implicated laying flocks

et al. 1993

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SUMMARYInfections due to Salmonella enteritidis are increasing worldwide. In the United States, between 1985 and 1989, 78 % of the S. enteritidis outbreaks ill which a food vehicle was identified implicated a food containing raw or lightly cooked shell eggs.Under a US Department of Agriculture regulation published in 1990, eggs implicated in human food-borne S. enteritidis outbreaks were traced back to the source flock. The flock environment and the internal organs of a sample of hens were tested for S. enteritidis. We compared the S. enteritidis phage types of isolates from 18 human, egg-associated outbreaks and the 15 flocks implicated through traceback of these outbreaks. The predominant human outbreak phage type was recovered from the environment in 100 % of implicated flocks and from the internal organs of hens in 88 % of implicated flocks we tested. The results support the use of phage typing as a tool to identify flocks involved in human S. enteritidis outbreaks.

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“…It may, however, be significant that all of the egg isolates of PT 4 studied here carried the 38 MDa plasmid. Infection of the egg within the oviduct is thought to be an important factor in the internal contamination of shell eggs with S. enteritidis PT 4 [22] and it is possible that the 38 MDa plasmid may be necessary for the intracellular survival of strains of PT 4 within the reproductive organs of poultry.…”

Section: Plasmid Profile Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of plasmid profile typing for surveillance ofSalmonella enteritidisphage type 4 from humans, poultry and eggs

et al. 1994

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SUMMARYPlasmids were found in 1022 of 1089 (94%) of drug-sensitive strains of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 from humans (sporadic and outbreak cases), poultry (chickens) and eggs in England and Wales in the 5-year period 1988-92 and 25 plasmid profile patterns were identified. Strains characterized by a single plasmid of 38 MDa predominated (= plasmid profile type SE 38), comprising over 90% of isolates from humans, 70% from poultry and 92 % from eggs. Eleven profile types were identified in strains from humans, 21 in strains from poultry and 3 in strains from eggs. Eight of the 11 patterns identified in human isolates were found in strains from poultry and 2 in strains from eggs. In contrast 15 patterns seen in poultry were not found in strains from humans. Four percent of strains from humans and 13 % from poultry did not carry the 38 MDa plasmid but all strains from eggs were found to carry this plasmid. The second most common profile type in strains isolated between 1981 and 1988 was not identified in strains isolated from 1988-92. It is concluded that plasmid profile typing is a useful method for rapid differentiation within phage type 4 of S. enteritidis but that methods which can discriminate within the predominant profile type, SE 38, are now required.

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Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 from the contents of intact eggs: a study involving naturally infected hens

Cited by 235 publications

References 16 publications

Growth ofSalmonella enteritidisin artificially contaminated hens' shell eggs

Growth ofSalmonella enteritidisin artificially contaminated hens' shell eggs

A comparison ofSalmonella enteritidisphage types from egg-associated outbreaks and implicated laying flocks

Use of plasmid profile typing for surveillance ofSalmonella enteritidisphage type 4 from humans, poultry and eggs

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