Salmonellaspp. Infection in Imported 1-Day-Old Chicks, Ducklings, and Turkey Poults: A Public Health Risk

Abstract

The occurrence of Salmonella in 750 birds was assessed. The samples included the internal organs (caecal pouches, yolk sac, liver, and lung) of imported 1-day-old chicks (n = 150), grandparent chicks (n = 150), breeder chicks (n = 150), ducklings (n = 150), and turkey poults (n = 150), and paper-lined boxes (n = 250). Salmonellae isolated from the internal organs and paper-lined box of 1-day-old chicks, ducklings, and poults were mostly evident from the paper-lined box followed by caecal samples. Imported 1-day-old grandparent flocks were Salmonella free. Although 23.3% of the imported breeder flocks were positive for Salmonella, the imported duckling flocks and day-old turkey poults exhibited 19.3% and 12.6%, respectively. The widest diversity in isolated salmonellae was from the 1-day-old chicks where Salmonella Newport, Salmonella Kentucky, Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Shubra, Salmonella Saintpaul, and Salmonella Agona were isolated. On the other hand, two Salmonella serovars were isolated from the imported breeders, Salmonella Shubra and Salmonella Shipley, and from the imported ducklings, Salmonella Shubra and Salmonella Saintpaul. The three Salmonella serovars isolated from the imported day-old turkey poults were Salmonella Shubra, Salmonella Newport, and Salmonella Saintpaul. The high percentage and diversity of Salmonella isolation from the imported birds cause concern because of the zoonotic potential of this agent and its economical importance to the local commercial poultry breeding industry. From 80 samples investigated for Salmonella, the positivity of the standard microbiological technique method was 17.5% and of the polymerase chain reaction method (Salmonella-specific invA gene) was 22.5%. The concordance between the two methods was 90% (k = 0.850). Our results indicated that the polymerase chain reaction approach is better than culturing for detecting Salmonella in poultry samples when using the preenriched medium combinations used in this study.

Virulence genotypes of clinical SalmonellaSerovars from broilers in Egypt

“…Salmonella-specific PCR with primers for the invA gene is a rapid, sensitive, and specific means for monitoring Salmonella at the genus level in a variety of clinical samples [34]. The present study supported the ability of these specific primer sets to confirm the isolates as Salmonella.…”

Scientific Opinion on an estimation of the public health impact of setting a new target for the reduction ofSalmonellain turkeys

“…but not all serovars that occur in breeding flocks can be found in the hatchery and contaminated feed is also an important source . The vertically transmitted turkey S. Arizonae strains (Crespo et al, 2004) were not found in the survey but many serovars were the same as those previously related to world trade in turkey breeders (Beli et al, 2001;El-Agroudi, 1964;Hadad, 1996;Hird et al, 1993;Irwin et al, 1994;Koncicki et al, 2000;Osman et al, 2010;Papadopoulou et al, 2009;Pedersen et al, 2002) although detailed molecular epidemiology would be needed to confirm transmission routes as well as sources of human cases (Anderson et al, 2010). Some serovars such as S. Senftenberg readily colonise feed mills and hatcheries and can be found at a low prevalence in turkeys (Edwards, 1937;Lecuyer et al, 1996;Pedersen et al, 2008).…”

Isolation and characterization ofSalmonella entericain day-old ducklings in Egypt

“…14,21,[33][34][35] The high frequency of Salmonella recovery from imported DOD causes great public health concern due to the zoonotic potential of this pathogen and its economical importance to commercial poultry breeding. successfully confirmed the importance of hatchery contamination and Salmonella dissemination.…”

“…The 14 Salmonella serovars isolated from the imported DOD were substantially different from previous scientific literature. [1][2][3][5][6][7]11,13,14,34,45 The isolated serovars of DOD in the current investigation have not been previously reported in Egypt; 21 moreover, because contracting Salmonella causes adverse health effects and even mortality in humans, 46 this study may provide additional evidence that may be used to address this impending global public health issue in the future. 47,48 The high prevalence (5/34) of detected S. enteritidis is evident by the fact that serovar S. enteritidis may have contributed to filling the gap of an ecologic niche, apparent by the considerable increase in S. enteritidis prevalence after the eradication of biovar Gallinarum in the 1960s.…”

“…The 300 faecal samples were analysed for Salmonella according to the ISO-6579-1993 standards. 21 Twenty five grams of faeces were mixed with 225 ml of buffered peptone water (Oxoid Ltd, Hampshire, England) for preenrichment. After incubation at 37uC for 24 hours, 0.1 ml were transferred to 10 ml of selective Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth (Oxoid Ltd) and were incubated for 24 hours at 42uC.…”