<i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> infection among prenatal attendees at a secondary‐care hospital in central Sudan

Khalid, Abelrahman; Abdelgadir, M. A.; Ashmaig, A. L.; Ibrahim, Abelrahman M.; Ahmed, Abdel-Aziz; Adam, Ishag

doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.08.018

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The 21.1 % prevalence of S. haematobium recorded showed that it is of a high public health importance in the group as the disease will not only impair the health of the mother but also of the growing fetus. This estimate is higher than the earlier prevalence report 13.0 % by Khalid et al (2012) in central Sudan but slightly lower than the 23.8 % prevalence reported by Eyo et al (2012) in Southeastern part of Nigeria. The role of age of women in the transmission of schistosomiasis has earlier been discussed in our previous study (Salawu and Odaibo 2013b).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Schistosomiasis transmission; socio-demographic, knowledge and practices as transmission risk factors in pregnant women

Salawu

Odaibo

2014

J Parasit Dis

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Schistosoma transmission is influenced by the interplay between various factors ranging from parasite to host associated factors. While many studies have focused on mass chemotherapy to reduce transmission in other populations, no study has examined the impact of social factors that favour transmission in pregnant women in Nigeria. The study was conducted to assess the impact of knowledge, attitudes and sociodemographic factors on schistosomiasis burden in pregnant women of rural communities of Nigeria. A cross sectional community-based field study was conducted to assess the association between Schistosoma haematobium burden and the associated risk factors among pregnant women in rural endemic communities of Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was used to gather information on participants' socio-demographic data, knowledge on schistosomiasis and water contact activities. Of the 237 respondents examined microscopically for infection, 50 (21.1 %) were infected with overall mean infection intensity of 69.6 ± 165.2 eggs/ 10 mL urine. Multivariate logistic analysis showed occupation of the women to be associated with infection with the artisans having the highest risk (OR 3.34, CI 1.67-6.69, P = 0.022). Contact with water and water usage patterns are also associated with prevalence of disease with fetching (OR 2.04, CI 0.19-3.51, P = 0.003) and multipurpose water usage (OR 4.31,, P = 0.0002) being the most predisposing variables respectively. Awareness about water borne diseases showed no association with infection (P = 0.382) with typhoid (23.7 %) and fever (2.6 %) constituting the most and least common water borne diseases mentioned by the women. Health education and provision of good water supply should be integrated into the control strategies in order reduce transmission in endemic areas.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Schistosomiasis transmission; socio-demographic, knowledge and practices as transmission risk factors in pregnant women

Salawu

Odaibo

2014

J Parasit Dis

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“…We found that helminths detected by PCR were associated with previously described risk factors for helminth infection, including agricultural occupation[22,23], lack of piped water[22], and low educational level[15,19,21,22]. Importantly, we failed to detect these associations when infection status was determined by microscopy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Studies using microscopy to evaluate risk factors associated with helminth infections have found associations with age[14-20], gender[16,17], education[15,19,21,22], farming occupation[22,23], rural habitation[22,24,25] and poor hygiene practices[16]. In addition, microscopy-identified helminth infections have been associated with anemia[2,26-28], micronutrient deficiency[4], reduced physical fitness and worker productivity[5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Helminth Diagnostic Test Performance on Estimation of Risk Factors and Outcomes in HIV-Positive Adults

et al. 2013

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BackgroundTraditional methods using microscopy for the detection of helminth infections have limited sensitivity. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays enhance detection of helminths, particularly low burden infections. However, differences in test performance may modify the ability to detect associations between helminth infection, risk factors, and sequelae. We compared these associations using microscopy and PCR.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was nested within a randomized clinical trial conducted at 3 sites in Kenya. We performed microscopy and real-time multiplex PCR for the stool detection and quantification of Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Schistosoma species. We utilized regression to evaluate associations between potential risk factors or outcomes and infection as detected by either method.ResultsOf 153 HIV-positive adults surveyed, 55(36.0%) and 20(13.1%) were positive for one or more helminth species by PCR and microscopy, respectively (p<0.001). PCR-detected infections were associated with farming (Prevalence Ratio 1.57, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.40), communal water source (PR 3.80, 95% CI: 1.01, 14.27), and no primary education (PR 1.54, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.33), whereas microscopy-detected infections were not associated with any risk factors under investigation. Microscopy-detected infections were associated with significantly lower hematocrit and hemoglobin (means of -3.56% and -0.77 g/dl) and a 48% higher risk of anemia (PR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.88) compared to uninfected. Such associations were absent for PCR-detected infections unless infection intensity was considered, Infections diagnosed with either method were associated with increased risk of eosinophilia (PCR PR 2.42, 95% CI: 1.02, 5.76; microscopy PR 2.92, 95% CI: 1.29, 6.60).ConclusionNewer diagnostic methods, including PCR, improve the detection of helminth infections. This heightened sensitivity may improve the identification of risk factors for infection while reducing ability to discriminate infections associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Quantitative assays can be used to differentiate infection loads and discriminate infections associated with sequelae.

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“…In recent studies carried out in many parts of Sudan, different prevalences of S. mansoni infection have been recorded, e.g. in Wadi Halfa (ancient Nubia) was 26.1% [12] , in central Sudan was 13% prevalence among pregnant women [13] and was 36.7% among schoolchildren [19] . Furthermore, worldwide studies have been determined the prevalence of S. mansoni infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Sudan, the high endemicity of S. mansoni infections have been reported in many parts of the country [12][13][14] . Therefore, the first approach for prevention and control is to diagnose the disease through applying different laboratory methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of microscopical and serological techniques in the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infection at Sennar State, Central Sudan

Ibrahim

2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease

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Schistosoma mansoni infection among prenatal attendees at a secondary‐care hospital in central Sudan

Abstract: There was a high level of S. mansoni infection among pregnant women in the present setting, especially among younger women and those with no education. Control and preventive measures should be used in the area.

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Schistosomiasis transmission; socio-demographic, knowledge and practices as transmission risk factors in pregnant women

Schistosomiasis transmission; socio-demographic, knowledge and practices as transmission risk factors in pregnant women

Impact of Helminth Diagnostic Test Performance on Estimation of Risk Factors and Outcomes in HIV-Positive Adults

Evaluation of microscopical and serological techniques in the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infection at Sennar State, Central Sudan

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