<i>Schizophyllum commune</i> Fr. as a destructive mycoparasite

Tzean, S. S.; Estey, R. H.

doi:10.1139/m78-131

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Nakazawa and Harada 36 also isolated S. commune from Valsa canker on a M. pumila tree; however, the fungus caused apparently no harm against the tree and even suppressed the growth and colonization of V. ceratosperma. These results may partly be explained by the observations of Tzean and Estey 59 , who considered S. commune to be a destructive mycoparasite.…”

Section: Possible Involvement In Complex Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Schizophyllum commune as a Ubiquitous Plant Parasite

Takemoto

Nakamura

Erwin

et al. 2010

JARQ

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Schizophyllum commune is a sap-rot basidiomycete and cosmopolitan species. The fungus is also recognized as a plant pathogen that causes wood rot on living trees, and many plant species including fruit and ornamental trees have been recorded as hosts. In this paper, previous studies on the plant parasitism of S. commune and related information to date were reviewed, in addition to the unique characters of the fungus. Though the fungus is only a poor wood decomposer in vitro, it preferably invades living tissues of plants including bark and sapwood, being exceptional as a wood-rot basidiomycete. Basidiospores are abundantly ejected in the air, and pruning wounds, freeze injuries and sunscald lesions are major infection courts for them. Wood-rot disease by the fungus is promoted by drought, freezing temperatures and other weather conditions unfavorable for plants; the fungus is adapted to such adverse environmental conditions. It is expected that, depending on plant species and localities, ongoing global warming enhances plant damage, which may predispose plants to fungal infection. Schizophyllum rot possibly helps other wood-rot pathogens to infect and establish. More attention should be paid to the wood-rot disease complex in which S. commune is involved. In conclusion, various aspects on the biology of S. commune still remain to be studied in relation to the mechanism of its pathogenesis.Discipline: Plant disease Additional key words: broad host range, latent infection, sap rot, white rot, wood-rot disease Present address:

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Section: Possible Involvement In Complex Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Schizophyllum commune as a Ubiquitous Plant Parasite

Takemoto

Nakamura

Erwin

et al. 2010

JARQ

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“…A possible explanation could be that some of these species act along with other wood degraders or they take advantage of the presence of efficient wood decayers at the same substrate. Fruitbodies of S. commune frequently appear with fruitbodies of other basidiomycetes on wood (Essig 1922, personal observations) and the species can act as destructive mycoparasite on other fungi (over 50 species) of different phyla (Tzean and Estey 1978). Alternatively, some of these species may act as plant parasites that rely selectively on living tissues of the plant stem such as the sap or the bark of living trees (Takemoto et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of novel wood decay mechanisms in Agaricales revealed by the genome sequences of Fistulina hepatica and Cylindrobasidium torrendii

Floudas

Held

Riley

et al. 2015

Fungal Genetics and Biology

154

135

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Wood decay mechanisms in Agaricomycotina have been traditionally separated in two categories termed white and brown rot. Recently the accuracy of such a dichotomy has been questioned. Here, we present the genome sequences of the white rot fungus Cylindrobasidium torrendii and the brown rot fungus Fistulina hepatica both members of Agaricales, combining comparative genomics and wood decay experiments. Cylindrobasidium torrendii is closely related to the white-rot root pathogen Armillaria mellea, while F. hepatica is related to Schizophyllum commune, which has been reported to cause white rot. Our results suggest that C. torrendii and S. commune are intermediate between white-rot and brown-rot fungi, but at the same time they show characteristics of decay that resembles soft rot. Both species cause weak wood decay and degrade all wood components but leave the middle lamella intact. Their gene content related to lignin degradation is reduced, similar to brown-rot fungi, but both have maintained a rich array of genes related to carbohydrate degradation, similar to white-rot fungi. These characteristics appear to have evolved from white-rot ancestors with stronger ligninolytic ability. Fistulina hepatica shows characteristics of brown rot both in terms of wood decay genes found in its genome and the decay that it causes. However, genes related to cellulose degradation are still present, which is a plesiomorphic characteristic shared with its white-rot ancestors. Four wood degradation-related genes, homologs of which are frequently lost in brown-rot fungi, show signs of pseudogenization in the genome of F. hepatica. These results suggest that transition towards a brown rot lifestyle could be an ongoing process in F. hepatica. Our results reinforce the idea that wood decay mechanisms are more diverse than initially thought and that the dichotomous separation of wood decay mechanisms in Agaricomycotina into white rot and brown rot should be revisited.

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“…Members of the Mucoromycotina are also common parasites of other fungi, both as a necrotrophs and biotrophs (Benny, Humber & Voigt, ). Parasitic Agaricomycetes usually infect the fruiting bodies of other fungi, although species infecting hyphae or conidia are also known (Tzean & Estey, ; Jeffries, ). Mycoparasitism is widespread within Pucciniomycotina, where it seems to be an ancestral lifestyle (Aime, Toome & McLaughlin, ; Wang et al, ; Oberwinkler, ) (Fig.…”

Section: Fungi and Other Microbial Eukaryotesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal evolution: major ecological adaptations and evolutionary transitions

2019

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Fungi are a highly diverse group of heterotrophic eukaryotes characterized by the absence of phagotrophy and the presence of a chitinous cell wall. While unicellular fungi are far from rare, part of the evolutionary success of the group resides in their ability to grow indefinitely as a cylindrical multinucleated cell (hypha). Armed with these morphological traits and with an extremely high metabolical diversity, fungi have conquered numerous ecological niches and have shaped a whole world of interactions with other living organisms. Herein we survey the main evolutionary and ecological processes that have guided fungal diversity. We will first review the ecology and evolution of the zoosporic lineages and the process of terrestrialization, as one of the major evolutionary transitions in this kingdom. Several plausible scenarios have been proposed for fungal terrestralization and we here propose a new scenario, which considers icy environments as a transitory niche between water and emerged land. We then focus on exploring the main ecological relationships of Fungi with other organisms (other fungi, protozoans, animals and plants), as well as the origin of adaptations to certain specialized ecological niches within the group (lichens, black fungi and yeasts). Throughout this review we use an evolutionary and comparative-genomics perspective to understand fungal ecological diversity. Finally, we highlight the importance of genome-enabled inferences to envision plausible narratives and scenarios for important transitions.

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Schizophyllum commune Fr. as a destructive mycoparasite

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Schizophyllum commune as a Ubiquitous Plant Parasite

Schizophyllum commune as a Ubiquitous Plant Parasite

Evolution of novel wood decay mechanisms in Agaricales revealed by the genome sequences of Fistulina hepatica and Cylindrobasidium torrendii

Fungal evolution: major ecological adaptations and evolutionary transitions

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