<i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> (Lib.) de Bary: biology and molecular traits of a cosmopolitan pathogen

Bolton, Melvin D.; Thomma, B.P.H.J.; Nelson, Berlin D.

doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2005.00316.x

Cited by 956 publications

(838 citation statements)

References 182 publications

(260 reference statements)

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“…2,3 Main pathogenicity factors, toxin and lytic enzyme secretion act synergistically to kill, degrade and macerate host plant tissues. 4 Oxalic acid secretion by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is now considered as a subtle process to promote plant defence mechanisms that will contribute to host cell death and favor pathogen to progress and feed. 5 We have investigated soluble carbon transfer from host to pathogen using 13 C-NMR spectroscopy during sunflower cotyledon infection by B. cinerea.…”

Section: Etabolic Changes That Occur Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino acid changes during sunflower infection by the necrotrophic fungusB. cinerea

Dulermo¹,

Bligny²,

Gout³

et al. 2009

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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M etabolic changes that occur inhost tissues during a necrotrophic plant/fungal interaction have been poorly investigated. Whereas carbon metabolism reprogramming and photosynthesis disturbances have been studied, 1 data on plant amino acids stores during infection are scarce. Here we report an analysis of sunflower cotyledon amino acid content during infection with the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea, by using 13 C-NMR spectroscopy. A rapid disappearance of plant amino acids was observed, most probably due to fungal assimilation. In order to explore amino acid changes due to host reaction, we investigated the amino acid content in healthy and invaded region of infected leaves. During the course of infection, glutamate store was affected at distance in the non invaded region. Glutamate depletion was correlated to an enhanced sunflower glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) transcription level in the area invaded by pathogen. Our data suggest that glutamate could be transferred to the invaded region to supply nitrogen. Such a strategy could delay cell death, and consequently disturb fungal progression in plant tissues.As a necrotrophic fungus, Botrytis cinerea induces host cell death to enable rapid colonization of plants and derive nutrients from sacrificed cells. 2,3 Main pathogenicity factors, toxin and lytic enzyme secretion act synergistically to kill, degrade and macerate host plant tissues. 4 Oxalic acid secretion by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is now considered as a subtle process to promote plant defence mechanisms that will contribute to host cell death and favor pathogen to progress and feed. 5 We have investigated soluble carbon transfer from host to pathogen using 13 C-NMR spectroscopy during sunflower cotyledon infection by B. cinerea. 6 Plant soluble sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) rapidly disappeared and were converted to fungal metabolites (mannitol, trehalose and glycogen), generating a strong carbohydrate capacity. Mannitol pathway plays a central role in B. cinerea carbon metabolism. This pathway allows glucose and fructose conversion into mannitol by independent routes, fructose being essentially converted in mannitol. 6 Soluble carbon metabolite profiling, performed through the course of infection, revealed also the fate of amino acids from plant and fungal origin. Here we present amino acid changes during infection of sunflower cotyledon. PCA extracts obtained from healthy eight-days-old sunflower germlings, infected cotyledons (24, 48, 72, 94 and 120 hpi) and B. cinerea mycelium collected after saprophytic growth, were analyzed by 13 C-NMR spectroscopy (Fig. 1). Glutamine, glutamate, arginine and asparagine (0.7, 0.4, 0.4 and 0.2 mg.g -1 FW) were the main amino acid detected in healthy sunflower cotyledons. In B. cinerea mycelium, the main amino acids detected by NMR spectroscopy were glutamate, glutamine, aspartic acid, arginine and alanine (0.9, 0.4, 0.2, 0.16, 0.08 mg.g -1 FW). In fungal mycelium and cotyledon, glutamate and glutamine were

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Section: Etabolic Changes That Occur Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino acid changes during sunflower infection by the necrotrophic fungusB. cinerea

Dulermo¹,

Bligny²,

Gout³

et al. 2009

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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“…Screening for resistance under field conditions is often problematic because of the sporadic nature of disease outbreaks. Even with irrigation and inoculation, soybean genotypes vary in canopy architecture, flowering date, and lodging, all of which affect disease development (Boland & Hall, 1987;Miklas et al, 2003;Bolton et al, 2006). Greenhouse and laboratory evaluations are often performed and are an integral part of resistance screening methodology for S. sclerotiorum (Kim et al, 2000;Vuong et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycelial compatibility and aggressiveness of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates from Brazil and the United States

Koga

Bowen

Godoy

et al. 2014

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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-The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic diversity among Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates from Brazil and the USA, assess their aggressiveness variability, and verify the existence of an isolate-cultivar interaction. Isolate variability was determined by mycelial compatibility grouping (MCG), and isolate aggressiveness by cut-stem inoculations of soybean cultivars. Two experiments for MCGs and two for aggressiveness were conducted with two sets of isolates. The first set included nine isolates from the same soybean field in Brazil and nine from the Midwest region of the USA. The second set included 16 isolates from several regions of Brazil and one from the USA. In the first set, 18 isolates formed 12 different MCGs. In the second set, 81% of the isolates from Brazil grouped into a single MCG. No common MCGs were observed among isolates from Brazil and the USA. The isolates showed aggressiveness differences in the first set, but not in the second. Although aggressiveness differed in the first set, soybean cultivars and isolates did not interact significantly. Cultivar rank remained the same, regardless of the genetic diversity, aggressiveness difference, and region or country of origin of the isolate. Results from screening of soybean cultivars, performed by the cut-stem method in the USA, can be used as reference for researchers in Brazil.Index terms: Glycine max, Sclerotinia stem rot, disease resistance, screening of cultivars, white mold. Termos para indexação: Glycine max, podridão-de-esclerotinia, resistência a doenças, seleção de cultivares, mofo-branco. Compatibilidade micelial e agressividade de isolados de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum do Brasil e dos Estados Unidos

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“…Some plant-pathogenic fungi such as the stem rot pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea can infect hundreds of plant species (13,84). Much is known about the host ranges of pathogens of agriculturally important plants, as resistance breeding is a major strategy for disease control.…”

Section: Host Specificitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallels in Fungal Pathogenesis on Plant and Animal Hosts

2006

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Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary: biology and molecular traits of a cosmopolitan pathogen

Abstract: http://www.whitemoldresearch.com; http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/fungi/sclerotinia_sclerotiorum.

Cited by 956 publications

References 182 publications

Amino acid changes during sunflower infection by the necrotrophic fungusB. cinerea

Amino acid changes during sunflower infection by the necrotrophic fungusB. cinerea

Mycelial compatibility and aggressiveness of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates from Brazil and the United States

Parallels in Fungal Pathogenesis on Plant and Animal Hosts

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