<i>Shigella</i>Infections in Household Contacts of Pediatric Shigellosis Patients in Rural Bangladesh

George, Christine Marie; Ahmed, Shahnawaz; Talukder, Kaisar A.; Azmi, Ishrat J.; Perin, Jamie; Sack, R. Bradley; Sack, David A.; Stine, O. Colin; Oldja, Lauren; Shahnaij, Mohammad; Chakraborty, Subhra; Parvin, Tahmina; Bhuyian, Sazzadul Islam; Bouwer, Edward J.; Zhang, Xiaolin; Hasan, Trisheeta N.; Luna, Sharmin J.; Akter, Fatema; Faruque, Abu Syed Golam

doi:10.3201/eid2111.150333

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…21,22 Consistent with this finding, a recent study in rural Bangladesh found that the odds of a Shigella infection were 44 times higher for household members of pediatric shigellosis patient during this 1-week window. 23 Similar findings have also been observed for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. 20,24 This high rate of enteric infections among household members of diarrhea patients is likely attributed to a shared contaminated environmental source or secondary transmission within the household through poor hygiene practices.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Sustained Uptake of a Hospital-Based Handwashing with Soap and Water Treatment Intervention (Cholera-Hospital-Based Intervention for 7 Days [CHoBI7]): A Randomized Controlled Trial

George¹,

Jung²,

Saif‐Ur‐Rahman³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age globally. The time patients and caregivers spend at a health facility for severe diarrhea presents the opportunity to deliver water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions. We recently developed Cholera-Hospital-Based Intervention for 7 days (CHoBI7), a 1-week hospital-based handwashing with soap and water treatment intervention, for household members of cholera patients. To investigate if this intervention could lead to sustained WASH practices, we conducted a follow-up evaluation of 196 intervention household members and 205 control household members enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of the CHoBI7 intervention 6 to 12 months post-intervention. Compared with the control arm, the intervention arm had four times higher odds of household members' handwashing with soap at a key time during 5-hour structured observation (odds ratio [OR]: 4.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.61, 8.49) (18% versus 50%) and a 41% reduction in households in the World Health Organization very high-risk category for stored drinking water (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.96) (58% versus 34%) 6 to 12 months post-intervention. Furthemore, 71% of observed handwashing with soap events in the intervention arm involved the preparation and use of soapy water, which was promoted during the intervention, compared to 9% of control households. These findings demonstrate that the hospital-based CHoBI7 intervention can lead to significant increases in handwashing with soap practices and improved stored drinking water quality 6 to 12 months post-intervention.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Sustained Uptake of a Hospital-Based Handwashing with Soap and Water Treatment Intervention (Cholera-Hospital-Based Intervention for 7 Days [CHoBI7]): A Randomized Controlled Trial

George¹,

Jung²,

Saif‐Ur‐Rahman³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Through this analysis, we found ETEC and Shigella to be potentially important contributors to EE and stunting in susceptible paediatric populations. Previous studies have found these pathogens to be associated with poor hygiene practices and environmental conditions . Furthermore, we found that environmental contamination in soil was a significant contributor to infections among young children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Enteric Infections in Young Children are Associated with Environmental Enteropathy and Impaired Growth

George

Burrowes

Perin

et al. 2017

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…This is the only prospective study incorporating molecular methods for the speci c detection of stx genes in stools diarrhea patients in Iran. No prevalence of stx in patients of this study is in parallel with low rates in other countries.The infections caused by Shigella species are globally distributed and prevalent in developing countries such as Bangladesh, and Afghanistan (18,19). However, it has been shown that infection with Shigella species is prevalent in Iran (20).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Shiga toxin-1 in Shigella spp. Isolates Collected from Diarrhea Patients, Ahvaz, Iran

Mahdian

Gheysarzadeh

Valadbeigi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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ObjectiveShigellosis as one of the substantial causative agents of microbial dysentery still has a remarkable prevalence in areas with poor hygienic infrastructures. The probable existence of the deadly Shiga toxin-1(Stx1) in some Shigella strains would manifest life-threatening clinical symptoms of the infection. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Stx1 in isolated from patients with diarrhea. ResultsTotally, 227 Shigella species including 60 S. flexneri, 157 S. sonnei, and 10 S. boydii were collected from diarrheal patients in tropical infectious diseases research center of Ahvaz, Iran, from 2013 to 2015. The isolates were collected mostly from the intensive care unit, infectious disease, and surgery department. The isolates were identified and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the stx gene. The results indicated that none of them encode the stx gene. In conclusion, isolates of this study were not capable of stx1 encoding.

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ShigellaInfections in Household Contacts of Pediatric Shigellosis Patients in Rural Bangladesh

Cited by 31 publications

References 19 publications

Sustained Uptake of a Hospital-Based Handwashing with Soap and Water Treatment Intervention (Cholera-Hospital-Based Intervention for 7 Days [CHoBI7]): A Randomized Controlled Trial

Sustained Uptake of a Hospital-Based Handwashing with Soap and Water Treatment Intervention (Cholera-Hospital-Based Intervention for 7 Days [CHoBI7]): A Randomized Controlled Trial

Enteric Infections in Young Children are Associated with Environmental Enteropathy and Impaired Growth

The Prevalence of Shiga toxin-1 in Shigella spp. Isolates Collected from Diarrhea Patients, Ahvaz, Iran

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