<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> nasal colonization among HIV-infected adults in Botswana: prevalence and risk factors

Reid, Michael; Steenhoff, Andrew P.; Mannathoko, Naledi; Muthoga, Charles; McHugh, Erin; Brown, Eric L.; Fischer, R.

doi:10.1080/09540121.2017.1282600

Cited by 13 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It has been evidenced from an erstwhile study that nasal colonization with both S. aureus and MRSA is relatively common among HIV patients and appears to be associated with an increased risk of subsequent MRSA infections by the same colonizing strain [6]. Several prior studies from various regions of the world showed a diverse range in the prevalence of nasal colonization of S. aureus and MRSA among HIV patients [7][8][9]. Moreover, strains of MRSA are attaining high resistance to the existing antibiotics, thereby underscoring an immediate need to develop novel antibiotics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in HIV patients of Arba Minch province, Ethiopia: Carriage rates, antibiotic resistance, and biofilm formation

Manilal

Shewangizaw

Mama

et al. 2019

AMicr

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a significant opportunistic pathogen among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients of Ethiopia. This study aimed at delineating the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm-forming potentials of nasally colonized MRSA among HIV patients in the Arba Minch province of Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was performed in HIV patients who visit anti-retroviral therapy clinic of the Arba Minch Hospital between February and April 2017. Nasal samples were collected and inspected for Staphylococcus following standard procedures. MRSA was identified using cefoxitin disk and antibiotics sensitivity test was performed as per Kirby-Baur disk diffusion method. The formation of biofilm was inspected using both qualitative and quantitative methods. A total of 307 HIV patients were examined. The overall prevalence of S. aureus was found to be 39.7%. The prevalence of MRSA was 20.8%. The rate of nasal colonization of MRSA was relatively higher among females. In bivariate analysis, MRSA colonization was statistically significant in patients with CD 4 count ≤350 (p value = 0.002) and co-trimoxazole prophylaxis (p value = 0.003). Concomitant resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, and co-trimoxazole were 48.4%, 45.3%, and 39.0%, respectively. Invariably, all MRSA isolates were 100% sensitive to vancomycin. Of the 64 MRSA isolates, 18.7% were considered as multidrug-resistant. The rate of biofilm formation was 34.3%. The results revealed a high prevalence rate in the nasal colonization of MRSA in HIV patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in HIV patients of Arba Minch province, Ethiopia: Carriage rates, antibiotic resistance, and biofilm formation

Manilal

Shewangizaw

Mama

et al. 2019

AMicr

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“…[28] In a review of 404 HIV-infected outpatients from two separate centers in Botswana, the nasal colonization of S aureus and MRSA was 36.9% and 3.2% respectively. [37] In HIV-infected patients, those living with children and in high population-density areas were at significantly increased risk for S aureus colonization. [37] All HIVinfected patients in this study were on HAART pre-operatively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[37] In HIV-infected patients, those living with children and in high population-density areas were at significantly increased risk for S aureus colonization. [37] All HIVinfected patients in this study were on HAART pre-operatively. The VL of all patients was undetectable before surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher rates of S aureus colonization have been reported in HIV-infected patients with the incidence of MRSA reported as high as 31%. [36][37] Amongst nosocomial S aureus infections in South Africa, the overall prevalence of HIV was found to be 32%, which subdivided into 42% and 27% for MRSA and MSSA cases respectively (p=0.106). [28] In a review of 404 HIV-infected outpatients from two separate centers in Botswana, the nasal colonization of S aureus and MRSA was 36.9% and 3.2% respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence Of Staphylococcus Aureus Colonization In Patients For Total Joint Arthroplasty In South Africa

Pietrzak

Maharaj

Mokete

2020

Preprint

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Background: Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are a major source of morbidity and mortality for patients undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty (TJA). Staphylococcus aureus (S aureus) colonization is an independent, modifiable risk factor for periprosthetic joint infections. Post-operative infections are reported to be ten times greater in S aureus carriers than in non-carriers in developed countries though recorded data is lacking for the developing world. This study aims to determine the prevalence of S aureus colonization in patients awaiting TJA in South Africa. Methods: We prospectively assessed 119 patients awaiting Total Knee Arthroplasty and Total Hip Arthroplasty between May and October 2016. We screened three separate anatomical sites on each patient for S aureus. Patients with positive cultures were treated with intranasal mupirocin ointment and chlorhexidine body wash. Univariate and comparative statistical analyses to determine risk factors for colonization was conducted using t-tests, Fisher’s exact tests, and chi square analyses. Results: The overall prevalence of Methicillin Sensitive S aureus colonization was 31.9% (n = 38). There were no patients colonized with Methicillin Resistant S aureus. Nasal swabs returned a yield of 81.6% (n=31), with groin swabs and axillary swabs at 39.5% (n=15) and 28.9% (n=11) respectively. Eradication was successful in 94.74% (n=36) after five days treatment. All patients (100%) were decolonized after counseling and repeat eradication treatment. The overall complication rate was 7.6% (n=9). The 30-day readmission rate in the S aureus -colonized group was 7.9% (n=3) as opposed to 7.4% (n=6) in the non-colonized cohort. There were no 60- and 90-day readmissions and no cases were revised at a mean follow-up of 2.26 years. Conclusions: The rate of S aureus colonization in patients undergoing elective TJA in a developing country was 31.9% and is equivalent to reported rates in developed countries. Eradication treatment with combined intranasal mupirocin ointment and chlorhexidine body wash is a successful treatment modality. A larger cohort of patients is recommended to determine risk factors and post-operative septic sequelae in this population group.

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“…Estudo realizado em Botswana em PVHA sobre colonização nasal por Staphyloccocus aureus associou a colonização com a superpopulação doméstica, hospitalização recente, menor contagem de células linfócitos T CD4+ e maior tempo de diagnóstico da infecção pelo HIV (REID et al, 2017). Farley et al, (2015) sugerem que a adesão aos ARV diminui as chances de colonização por Staphylococcus aureus, em especial pelo MRSA.…”

Section: Discussão -76 ______________________________________________unclassified

Staphylococcus aureus em pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids hospitalizadas e as interfaces com a adesão à terapêutica antirretroviral

Pio¹

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A Deus por todas as suas manifestações diárias e oportunidades. À Profa. Dra. Elucir Gir pela credibilidade, confiança, parceria, compressão e pelos conhecimentos compartilhados. A sua história de vida e o seu profissionalismo me inspiram. Aos pacientes que participaram desta pesquisa, meu respeito e gratidão. À EERP-USP, pelos anos de aprendizagem. À querida Lilian, amiga para todas as horas, isso só é uma gota de reconhecimento em um oceano de gratidão.

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Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among HIV-infected adults in Botswana: prevalence and risk factors

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in HIV patients of Arba Minch province, Ethiopia: Carriage rates, antibiotic resistance, and biofilm formation

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in HIV patients of Arba Minch province, Ethiopia: Carriage rates, antibiotic resistance, and biofilm formation

Prevalence Of Staphylococcus Aureus Colonization In Patients For Total Joint Arthroplasty In South Africa

Staphylococcus aureus em pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids hospitalizadas e as interfaces com a adesão à terapêutica antirretroviral

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