Staphylococcuscolonization of the skin and antimicrobial peptides

Abstract

Staphylococci are the most abundant skin-colonizing bacteria and the most important causes of nosocomial infections and community-associated skin infections. Molecular determinants of staphylococcal skin colonization include surface polymers and proteins that promote adhesion and aggregation, and a wide variety of mechanisms to evade acquired and innate host defenses. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) likely play a central role in providing immunity to bacterial colonization on human epithelia. Recent research has shown that staphylococci have a broad arsenal to combat AMP activity, and can regulate expression of AMP-resistance mechanisms depending on the presence of AMPs. While direct in vivo evidence is still lacking, this suggests that the interplay between AMPs and AMP resistance mechanisms during evolution had a crucial role in rendering staphylococci efficient colonizers of human skin.

Detection of Biofilm Production Capability and icaA/D Genes Among Staphylococci Isolates from Shiraz, Iran

“…Staphylococci are well known as the normal flora of the skin and mucous membranes of animals and human (1)(2)(3). However, staphylococcal infections are often caused by strains that have colonized in parts of the human body and make the colonized persons a reservoir for the spread of the organisms (4,5).…”

Transplantation of human skin microbiota in models of atopic dermatitis

“…The potential for Gram-positive commensal bacteria to influence AD has been suggested by recent findings that Staphylococcus epidermidis can activate TLR2, leading to increased production of antimicrobial peptides, tight-junction proteins, and vitamin D activation (13,38). Furthermore, S. epidermidis has been shown to produce several factors that can inhibit S. aureus growth and/or biofilm formation (41)(42)(43), suggesting an additional protective role for this commensal against the development of AD symptoms.…”

Identification of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Epidermidis (MRSE) in Mild, Moderate and Severe Acne Patients

“…Two main groups are distinguished by their ability to coagulate blood: coagulase-positive Staphylococci, with the most important species being Staphylococcus aureus, and coagulase-negative staphylococci, which comprise most species including Staphylococcus epidermidis. The largest density of staphylococci is found in sweat glands and on mucous membranes surrounding body openings [1].…”

“…S. epidermidis is the staphylococcal species that is most frequently isolated from the human skin. It predominantly colonizes the nose, axillae and the head [1]. S. epidermidis, which are normal inhabitants of the skin, were isolated from acne vulgaris inflammatory sites of patients [3].…”

“…Depending on the severity of the disease, acne patients receive topical or systemic antibiotic therapy, or a combination [4]. (MRSE) in Mild, Moderate and Severe Acne Patients Antibiotic resistance is frequent in many staphylococci and significantly complicates and increases the cost of treatment [1]. The development of accurate and simple methods to identify isolates of S. epidermidis and determine their methicillin resistance is important to establish the clinical relevance of S. epidermidis [6].…”