<i>Streptococcus suis</i>Meningitis, United States

Lee, Gregory T.; Chiu, Charles Y.; Haller, Barbara; Denn, Patricia M.; Hall, Christopher S.; Gerberding, Julie L.

doi:10.3201/eid1401.070930

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…To the Editor: Vibrio cholerae O1, the causative agent of cholera, has 2 biotypes (classical and El Tor), which have traditionally been distinguished by phenotypic tests and by genetic differences in the major toxincoregulated pilus (TCP) gene, the tcpA allele of the TCP cluster (1), the rstR region (regulatory region for phage lysogeny) of CTX phages (2) (6). Hybrid vibrios have also been described in other regions of Asia and Africa (7).…”

Section: Outbreaks Caused By New Variants Of Vibrio Cholerae O1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The infection rate among abattoir workers, pig breeders, meat processing workers, and veterinarians is ≈3 cases/100,000 (1,500× higher than the rate for the general population) (2). A striking sequela to S. suis meningitis is deafness or vestibular dysfunction (2,6). A consistently higher percentage of persons experienced deafness after S. suis infection than after infection with other meningitis-causing bacteria, 50% and 65% in Europe and Asia, respectively (2).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Meningitis Caused byStreptococcus suisSerotype 14, North America

Haleis¹,

Alfa²,

Gottschalk³

et al. 2009

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Section: Outbreaks Caused By New Variants Of Vibrio Cholerae O1mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Meningitis Caused byStreptococcus suisSerotype 14, North America

Haleis¹,

Alfa²,

Gottschalk³

et al. 2009

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…However, in many Gram-positive bacterial pili, the roles of minor pilin subunits in pilus formation remain to be fully elucidated. Streptococcus suis is a Gram-positive coccus responsible for a wide range of diseases in pigs, including meningitis, septicemia, endocarditis, and sudden death (14,37). This bacterium can also affect humans in close contact with diseased pigs or swine products (1,7,43,49,51).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Minor Pilin Subunit Sgp2 Is Necessary for Assembly of the Pilus Encoded by the srtG Cluster of Streptococcus suis

et al. 2011

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Gram-positive pili are composed of covalently bound pilin subunits whose assembly is mediated via a pilus-specific sortase(s). Major subunits constitute the pilus backbone and are therefore essential for pilus formation. Minor subunits are also incorporated into the pilus, but they are considered to be dispensable for backbone formation. The srtG cluster is one of the putative pilus gene clusters identified in the major swine pathogen Streptococcus suis. It consists of one sortase gene (srtG) and two putative pilin subunit genes (sgp1 and sgp2). In this study, by constructing mutants for each of the genes in the cluster and by both immunoblotting and immunogold electron microscopic analysis with antibodies against Sgp1 and Sgp2, we found that the srtG cluster mediates the expression of pilus-like structures in S. suis strain 89/1591. In this pilus, Sgp1 forms the backbone, whereas Sgp2 is incorporated as the minor subunit. In accordance with the current model of pilus assembly by Gram-positive organisms, the major subunit Sgp1 was indispensable for backbone formation and the cognate sortase SrtG mediated the polymerization of both subunits. However, unlike other well-characterized Gram-positive bacterial pili, the minor subunit Sgp2 was required for polymerization of the major subunit Sgp1. Because Sgp2 homologues are encoded in several other Gram-positive bacterial pilus gene clusters, in some types of pili, minor pilin subunits may contribute to backbone formation by a novel mechanism.Pilus-like structures on the surface of Gram-positive bacteria were first observed in Corynebacterium renale by electron microscopy (50), and recently, these surface appendages have been characterized genetically and biochemically in many additional Gram-positive bacterial pathogens (18,33,44,46). Gram-positive bacterial pili are anchored to the cell wall peptidoglycan and consist of covalently cross-linked subunit proteins (18,33,44,46). Polymerized monomers of a single major pilin subunit form the pilus backbone, to which one or more minor (or ancillary) pilin subunits are attached (18,33,44,46). Both the major and minor subunits contain C-terminal cell wall sorting signals (CWSSs), composed of a pentapeptide motif represented by LPXTG (where X is any amino acid), a Cterminal hydrophobic domain, and a charged tail (32). The subunits are assembled via CWSSs by the action of pilusspecific class C sortases (8).Major pilin subunits have been shown to be indispensable for pilus formation. In contrast, early studies showed that minor subunits are not essential for pilus synthesis and assembly (10,39,47). It has only recently been reported that minor pilin subunits of SpaA-and SpaH-type pili of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Spy0130 (FctB) of a Streptococcus pyogenes serotype M1 strain participate in the termination of pilus polymerization as well as in anchoring the polymer to the cell wall peptidoglycan (17, 35). However, in many Gram-positive bacterial pili, the roles of minor pilin subunits in pilus formation remain to be fully e...

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“…In China, a large outbreak of S. suis serotype 2 emerged in summer 2005 in Sichuan, with 38 fatalities and 215 infected people [7]. S. suis serotype 2 was also reported to cause sporadic illness in humans in various European countries (France, Germany, Denmark, United Kingdom, the Netherlands), in Australia, and in the United States [11,20,25,26,29]. In Vietnam, S. suis serotype 2 infection is the most common cause of meningitis in adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular diagnostics and ITS-based phylogenic analysis of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 in central Vietnam

Nguyen

Phan

Nguyen

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Streptococcus suis (S. suis) serotype 2 has recently become the most prevalent cause of meningitis in adults in many areas of Vietnam. This study provides data on S. suis molecular diagnosis in central Vietnam using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the S. suis serotype 2 cps2J gene. Additionally, 16S-23S rDNA intragenic spacer (ITS)-based phylogenic analysis of strains isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam, is presented and discussed. Methodology: Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 40 CSF samples, and 18 were identified as S. suis by culture-dependent methods. Capsular serotyping was assessed by real-time PCR. ITS sequences were obtained after traditional PCR and were used in phylogenic analyses. Results: Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 36 out of 40 CSF samples. A total of 18 S. suis strains were isolated and assigned to serotype 2 by real-time PCR. One CSF sample, negative when tested by culture-dependent methods, was positive to S. suis serotype 2 by real-time PCR. Pairwise alignments of the 18 ITS sequences did not reveal any variable nucleotide position, and resulted in a single sequence type. Sequences were similar to S. suis serotype 2 reference ITS sequences (> 98.1%), and there was no lack of an ITS spacer region in the isolates. Conclusions: S. suis serotype 2 is the most prevalent serotype in central Vietnam. Real-time PCR assay proved to be a reliable diagnostic method for early detection of S. suis 2 in CSF samples.

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Streptococcus suisMeningitis, United States

Abstract: Streptococcus suis Meningitis, United States

Cited by 30 publications

References 9 publications

Meningitis Caused byStreptococcus suisSerotype 14, North America

Meningitis Caused byStreptococcus suisSerotype 14, North America

The Minor Pilin Subunit Sgp2 Is Necessary for Assembly of the Pilus Encoded by the srtG Cluster of Streptococcus suis

Molecular diagnostics and ITS-based phylogenic analysis of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 in central Vietnam

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