<i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda Genotype in Cattle, Virginia, USA

Oakes, Vanessa J.; Yabsley, Michael J.; Schwartz, Diana; LeRoith, Tanya; Bissett, Carolynn J; Broaddus, Charles C.; Schlater, Jack L.; Todd, S. Michelle; Boes, Katie M.; Brookhart, Meghan; Lahmers, Kevin K.

doi:10.3201/eid2509.190088

Cited by 96 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…America that appears to be parthenogenetic. This aspect of the tick's biology, along with its propensity to feed on a wide variety of hosts in large numbers (Greay et al, 2016;Oakes et al, 2019;Rainey, Occi, Robbins, & Egizi, 2018), has raised concern among public health officials, wildlife conservationists and vector biologists.…”

Section: Haemaphysalis Longicornis Is An Invasive Species In Eastern mentioning

confidence: 99%

Active surveillance of pathogens from ticks collected in New York State suburban parks and schoolyards

Yuan

Llanos-Soto

Gangloff-Kaufmann

et al. 2020

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Schoolyards and suburban parks are two environments where active tick surveillance may inform local management approaches. Even in a state such as New York with a robust active tick surveillance programme operated by the state Department of Health, these settings are not routinely covered. The goal of this study was to highlight the importance of active surveillance for tick‐borne pathogens by describing their prevalence in ticks collected from schoolyards and suburban parks and to guide the use of integrated pest management in these settings. Tick dragging was performed in three regions of New York State: Long Island, the Lower Hudson Valley and the Capital Region. A total of 19 schoolyards and 32 parks were sampled. The location, habitat and weather at the time of tick collection were recorded. Ticks were speciated and tested for the presence of 17 pathogens with a novel application of nanoscale real‐time PCR. The causative agents of Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, babesiosis and Powassan virus disease were all detected from Ixodes scapularis in various sites throughout the capital region and south‐eastern counties of New York state. The most common agent detected was Borrelia burgdorferi, and coinfection rates were as high as 36%. This surveillance study also captured the first of the invasive Asian longhorned tick species, Haemaphysalis longicornis, in New York state (collected 2 June 2017). Results from this study highlight the importance of collaborative efforts and data sharing for improvement of surveillance for tick‐borne disease agents.

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Section: Haemaphysalis Longicornis Is An Invasive Species In Eastern mentioning

confidence: 99%

Active surveillance of pathogens from ticks collected in New York State suburban parks and schoolyards

Yuan

Llanos-Soto

Gangloff-Kaufmann

et al. 2020

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…Theileriosis occurs only sporadically in the USA, but this situation could change rapidly with the recent introduction of the Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis [14,15]. This tick species is a competent vector of Theileria orientalis [16,17], which has recently been detected on cattle farms in Virginia in the USA [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging tick-borne pathogens of public health importance: a mini-review

Rochlin

Toledo

2020

Journal of Medical Microbiology

221

130

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Ticks are the most important vectors of human pathogens, leading to increased public health burdens worldwide. Tick-borne pathogens include viruses (e.g. tick-borne encephalitis and Powassan); bacteria, such as the causative agents of Lyme disease, spotted fever rickettsiosis and human anaplasmosis; and malaria-like protozoan parasites causing babesiosis. Tick-borne diseases are emerging due to the geographical expansion of their tick vectors, especially in the northern hemisphere. Two examples of this phenomenon are Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum, which have expanded their ranges in the USA in recent decades and are responsible for the continuous emergence of Lyme disease and human ehrlichiosis, respectively. This phenomenon is also occurring worldwide and is reflected by the increasing number of tick-borne encephalitis and haemorrhagic fever cases in Europe and Asia. In this review, we provide a concise synopsis of the most medically important tick-borne pathogen worldwide, with a particular emphasis on emerging public health threats.

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“…ALT is a major cattle pest in its exotic range (Australia and New Zealand) where it causes stress and exsanguination to livestock, and has been linked to the transmission of Theileria orientalis group pathogens, including the highly pathogenic Ikeda genotype (Hammer, Emery, Bogema, & Jenkins, 2015; Heath, 2016). Recently, the Ikeda genotype was detected for the first time in the US infecting cattle on a farm in Virginia alongside infestations of ALT (Oakes et al., 2019). However, it remains unknown whether the pathogen arrived in the United States with ALT or with infected animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First glimpse into the origin and spread of the Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, in the United States

Egizi

Bulaga‐Seraphin

Alt

et al. 2020

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Established populations of Asian longhorned ticks (ALT), Haemaphysalis longicornis, were first identified in the United States (US) in 2017 by sequencing the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) ‘barcoding’ locus followed by morphological confirmation. Subsequent investigations detected ALT infestations in 12, mostly eastern, US states. To gain information on the origin and spread of US ALT, we (1) sequenced cox1 from ALT populations across 9 US states and (2) obtained cox1 sequences from potential source populations [China, Japan and Republic of Korea (ROK) as well as Australia, New Zealand and the Kingdom of Tonga (KOT)] both by sequencing and by downloading publicly available sequences in NCBI GenBank. Additionally, we conducted epidemiological investigations of properties near its initial detection locale in Hunterdon County, NJ, as well as a broader risk analysis for importation of ectoparasites into the area. In eastern Asian populations (China/Japan/ROK), we detected 35 cox1 haplotypes that neatly clustered into two clades with known bisexual versus parthenogenetic phenotypes. In Australia/New Zealand/KOT, we detected 10 cox1 haplotypes all falling within the parthenogenetic cluster. In the United States, we detected three differentially distributed cox1 haplotypes from the parthenogenetic cluster, supporting phenotypic evidence that US ALT are parthenogenetic. While none of the source populations examined had all three US cox1 haplotypes, a phylogeographic network analysis supports a northeast Asian source for the US populations. Within the United States, epidemiological investigations indicate ALT can be moved long distances by human transport of animals, such as horses and dogs, with smaller scale movements on wildlife. These results have relevant implications for efforts aimed at minimizing the spread of ALT in the United States and preventing additional exotic tick introductions.

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Theileria orientalis Ikeda Genotype in Cattle, Virginia, USA

Cited by 96 publications

References 20 publications

Active surveillance of pathogens from ticks collected in New York State suburban parks and schoolyards

Active surveillance of pathogens from ticks collected in New York State suburban parks and schoolyards

Emerging tick-borne pathogens of public health importance: a mini-review

First glimpse into the origin and spread of the Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, in the United States

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