<i>Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics</i>

Callen, Herbert B.; Griffiths, Robert B.

doi:10.1119/1.14986

Cited by 2,000 publications

(3,647 citation statements)

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“…In the coexistence region (grey shading), the likelihood of measuring a given fraction of ordered phase is a monotonically decreasing function. 33 (B) In contrast to the schematic in panel (A), the frequency distribution of 81 orderedphase area fractions is roughly symmetric about an area fraction of 0.22 AE 0.03. This histogram shows aggregated data for three experiments; data broken down by experiment is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Ordered-phase Domains Exclude and Are Bounded By Biotin-neutmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Specific adhesion of membranes simultaneously supports dual heterogeneities in lipids and proteins

Shindell

Mica

Ritzer

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Membrane adhesion is a vital component of many biological processes. Heterogeneities in lipid and protein composition are often associated with the adhesion site. These heterogeneities are thought to play functional roles in facilitating signalling. Here we experimentally examine this phenomenon using model membranes made of a mixture of lipids that is near a phase boundary at room temperature. Non-adherent model membranes are in a well-mixed, disordered-fluid lipid phase indicated by homogeneous distribution of a fluorescent dye that is a marker for the fluid-disordered (L d ) phase. We specifically adhere membranes to a flat substrate bilayer using biotin-avidin binding. Adhesion produces two types of coexisting heterogeneities: an ordered lipid phase that excludes binding proteins and the fluorescent membrane dye, and a disordered lipid phase that is enriched in both binding proteins and membrane dye compared with the non-adhered portion of the same membrane. Thus, a single type of adhesion interaction (biotin-avidin binding), in an initially-homogeneous system, simultaneously stabilizes both ordered-phase and disordered-phase heterogeneities that are compositionally distinct from the non-adhered portion of the vesicle. These heterogeneities are long-lived and unchanged upon increased temperature.

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Section: Ordered-phase Domains Exclude and Are Bounded By Biotin-neutmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…According to the ''lever rule'', 33 the amount of ordered-phase area should grow with the fraction of high-melting lipids. However, this is not what we observe.…”

Section: Adhesion Induces the Formation Of An Ordered Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Specific adhesion of membranes simultaneously supports dual heterogeneities in lipids and proteins

Shindell

Mica

Ritzer

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…Nevertheless we observe at our scale an irreversibility, measured by an increase of macroscopic entropy. The explanation of this paradox, see, e.g., [54,9 Life is a dream 55,56,57,58,59], relies on the large number of microscopic degrees of freedom of thermodynamic systems, on statistical considerations and on plausible assumptions about the dynamics and about the initial state of the system.…”

Section: The Paradox Of Irreversibility La Vida Es Sueño 9 Calderón Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding quantum measurement from the solution of dynamical models

Allahverdyan¹,

Balian²,

2013

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The quantum measurement problem, to wit, understanding why a unique outcome is obtained in each individual experiment, is currently tackled by solving models. After an introduction we review the many dynamical models proposed over the years for elucidating quantum measurements. The approaches range from standard quantum theory, relying for instance on quantum statistical mechanics or on decoherence, to quantum-classical methods, to consistent histories and to modifications of the theory. Next, a flexible and rather realistic quantum model is introduced, describing the measurement of the z-component of a spin through interaction with a magnetic memory simulated by a Curie-Weiss magnet, including N 1 spins weakly coupled to a phonon bath. Initially prepared in a metastable paramagnetic state, it may transit to its up or down ferromagnetic state, triggered by its coupling with the tested spin, so that its magnetization acts as a pointer. A detailed solution of the dynamical equations is worked out, exhibiting several time scales. Conditions on the parameters of the model are found, which ensure that the process satisfies all the features of ideal measurements. Various imperfections of the measurement are discussed, as well as attempts of incompatible measurements. The first steps consist in the solution of the Hamiltonian dynamics for the spin-apparatus density matrixD(t). Its off-diagonal blocks in a basis selected by the spin-pointer coupling, rapidly decay owing to the many degrees of freedom of the pointer. Recurrences are ruled out either by some randomness of that coupling, or by the interaction with the bath. On a longer time scale, the trend towards equilibrium of the magnet produces a final stateD(t f ) that involves correlations between the system and the indications of the pointer, thus ensuring registration. AlthoughD(t f ) has the form expected for ideal measurements, it only describes a large set of runs. Individual runs are approached by analyzing the final states associated with all possible subensembles of runs, within a specified version of the statistical interpretation. There the difficulty lies in a quantum ambiguity: There exist many incompatible decompositions of the density matrixD(t f ) into a sum of sub-matrices, so that one cannot infer from its sole determination the states that would describe small subsets of runs. This difficulty is overcome by dynamics due to suitable interactions within the apparatus, which produce a special combination of relaxation and decoherence associated with the broken invariance of the pointer. Any subset of runs thus reaches over a brief delay a stable state which satisfies the same hierarchic property as in classical probability theory; the reduction of the state for each individual run follows. Standard quantum statistical mechanics alone appears sufficient to explain the occurrence of a unique answer in each run and the emergence of classicality in a measurement process. Finally, pedagogical exercises are proposed and lessons for future works on m...

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“…Important feature of the usual Gibbsian MaxEnt formalism is that the maximal value of entropy is a concave function of the values of the prescribed constraints (moments), and maximizing probabilities are all grater than zero [50]. The first is important for thermodynamical stability and the second for mathematical consistency.…”

Section: Maxent Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On q-non-extensive statistics with non-Tsallisian entropy

Jizba

Korbel

2016

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

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We combine an axiomatics of Rényi with the q-deformed version of Khinchin axioms to obtain a measure of information (i.e., entropy) which accounts both for systems with embedded self-similarity and non-extensivity. We show that the entropy thus obtained is uniquely solved in terms of a one-parameter family of information measures. The ensuing maximal-entropy distribution is phrased in terms of a special function known as the Lambert W-function. We analyze the corresponding "high" and "lowtemperature" asymptotics and reveal a non-trivial structure of the parameter space.

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Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics

Cited by 2,000 publications

References 0 publications

Specific adhesion of membranes simultaneously supports dual heterogeneities in lipids and proteins

Specific adhesion of membranes simultaneously supports dual heterogeneities in lipids and proteins

Understanding quantum measurement from the solution of dynamical models

On q-non-extensive statistics with non-Tsallisian entropy

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