Thermodynamics and Statistical Thermodynamics

Aston, J. G.; Fritz, J. J.; Street, R. E.

doi:10.1063/1.3056877

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The phenomenon of distribution coefficient is a direct evidence of the thermodynamic requirement for equilibrium [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. According to Nernst's distribution law, a solute distributes between two solvents.…”

Section: Nernst's Distribution Lawmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dimerization Effects of Some Solutes on the Partition Coefficient kD in Binary Immiscible Solvents

Onyeocha

Akpan

Onuchukwu

et al. 2018

ILCPA

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The dimerization of a solute dissolved in binary immiscible solvents shows that the value of the partition coefficient, kD of the solutes are influenced by the dimerization constant, K of the solute in one of the solvents according to the description: (C_X^A)/(C_X^B ) = kD + 2kD2KCxB where CxA and CxB are the concentrations of the solute x in the solvents A and B respectively. Both kD and K are parameters that predict the extent of beneficiation for most minerals. Also, kD is a fundamental parameter that determines the extent of solute recovery during solvent extraction. In this study, it is found that the order K kD and K kD are the effects for acetic and succinic acids respectively in the binary solvents composed of carbon tetrachloride/water and diethylether/water systems respectively. These results suggest that the distributions of these solutes in the solvents are accompanied by the formation of succinic anhydride which is more favoured than the dimerization of the acetic acid. Also, the changes in the values of distribution enthalpies, HD are corroborated to explain these experimental observations.

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Section: Nernst's Distribution Lawmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dimerization Effects of Some Solutes on the Partition Coefficient kD in Binary Immiscible Solvents

Onyeocha

Akpan

Onuchukwu

et al. 2018

ILCPA

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“…This result, that the entropy of a perfect, pure component crystal lattice approaches zero at 0 K is generally known as the third law of thermodynamics. 6 However, it is also known as the Nernst Theorem. 1 2.2.…”

Section: The Second and Third Laws Of Thermodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fisher Information, Entropy, and the Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics

Cabezas

Karunanithi

2008

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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We propose Fisher information as a new calculable thermodynamic property that can be shown to follow the second and third laws of thermodynamics. However, Fisher information is qualitatively different from entropy and potentially possesses much more structure. Hence, a mathematical expression is derived for computing the Fisher information of a system of many molecules from the canonical partition function. This development is further illustrated through the derivation of Fisher information expressions for a pure ideal gas and an ideal gas mixture. Some of the unique properties of Fisher information are then explored through the classic experiment of the isochoric mixing of two ideal gases. Note that, although the entropy of isochorically mixing two ideal gases is always positive and is dependent only on the respective mole fractions of the two gases, the Fisher information of mixing has far more structure, involving the mole numbers, molecular masses, temperature, and volume. Although the application of Fisher information to molecular systems is clearly in its infancy, it is hoped that the present work will catalyze further investigation into a new and truly unique line of thought on thermodynamics.

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“…The attractive strength is difficult to determine based on the molecular theory. Here, we compared equation ( 4) with the van der Waals equation from the classical thermodynamics [26], and obtained, a = 27 64…”

Section: Parameter Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro- and nanoscale non-ideal gas Poiseuille flows in a consistent Boltzmann algorithm model

Wang¹,

Li²

2004

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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The direct simulation Monte Carlo method in the consistent Boltzmann algorithm model has been developed and expanded for non-ideal gas predictions. The enhanced collision rate factor is determined by considering the excluded molecular volume and shadowing/screening effects based on the Enskog theory. The parameter for the attraction strength is also determined by comparison with the classical thermodynamics theory. Different pressure-driven gas Poiseuille flows in micro-and nanoscale channels are investigated. The van der Waals effect leads to a higher mass flow rate and different friction and heat transfer characteristics on the wall surface, compared to the results in the perfect gas model. The results also show that the van der Waals effect is dependent not only on the pressure but also on the channel size. A higher driving pressure or a smaller channel size will result in a larger van der Waals gas effect.

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Thermodynamics and Statistical Thermodynamics

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

The Dimerization Effects of Some Solutes on the Partition Coefficient k<sub>D</sub> in Binary Immiscible Solvents

The Dimerization Effects of Some Solutes on the Partition Coefficient k<sub>D</sub> in Binary Immiscible Solvents

Fisher Information, Entropy, and the Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics

Micro- and nanoscale non-ideal gas Poiseuille flows in a consistent Boltzmann algorithm model

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