Tilletia walkeri, a new species on Lolium multiflorum and L. perenne

Castlebury, Lisa A.; Lm, Carris

doi:10.1080/00275514.1999.12061000

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…During the 1996 National Karnal Bunt Survey in the United States, spores morphologically like those of T. indica were discovered in washes derived from wheat seed samples from southeastern states and in forage-mix seed lots from Oregon but no infected wheat seeds were found (Bonde et al 1997;Cunfer and >Castlebury 1999). Further investigations led to the description of T. walkeri (Castlebury and Carris 1999), a species with similar teliospore morphology but infecting annual ryegrass, which may occur as a weed in areas of wheat production and be present in grain shipments as a contaminant (Castlebury et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome sequencing and comparison of five Tilletia species to identify candidate genes for the detection of regulated species infecting wheat

et al. 2019

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Tilletia species cause diseases on grass hosts with some causing bunt diseases on wheat (Triticum). Two of the four species infecting wheat have restricted distributions globally and are subject to quarantine regulations to prevent their spread to new areas. Tilletia indica causes Karnal bunt and is regulated by many countries while the nonregulated T. walkeri is morphologically similar and very closely related phylogenetically, but infects ryegrass (Lolium) and not wheat. Tilletia controversa causes dwarf bunt of wheat (DB) and is also regulated by some countries, while the closely related but non-regulated species, T. caries and T. laevis, both cause common bunt of wheat (CB). Historically, diagnostic methods have relied on cryptic morphology to differentiate these species in subsamples from grain shipments. Of the DNA-based methods published so far, most have focused on sequence variation among tested strains at a single gene locus. To facilitate the development of additional molecular assays for diagnostics, we generated whole genome data for multiple strains of the two regulated wheat pathogens and their closest relatives. Depending on the species, the genomes were assembled into 907 to 4633 scaffolds ranging from 24 Mb to 30 Mb with 7842 to 9952 gene models predicted. Phylogenomic analyses confirmed the placement of Tilletia in the Exobasidiomycetes and showed that T. indica and T. walkeri were in one clade whereas T. controversa, T. caries and T. laevis grouped in a separate clade. Single copy and species-specific genes were identified by orthologous group analysis. Unique species-specific genes were identified and evaluated as suitable markers to differentiate the quarantine and non-quarantine species. After further analyses and manual inspection, primers and probes for the optimum candidate genes were designed and tested in silico, for validation in future wet-lab studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome sequencing and comparison of five Tilletia species to identify candidate genes for the detection of regulated species infecting wheat

et al. 2019

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“…and Lolium spp. are grown in rotation with Triticum aestivum (Castlebury, ; Castlebury & Carris, ; Pascoe et al ., ). Because of the morphological similarity of these pathogens, accurate identification is important.…”

Section: Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… As T. barclayana : Durán and Fischer (), CMI (), Durán (), Castlebury and Carris (). As T. horrida : Khanna and Payak (), Aggarwal et al .…”

Section: Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…() showed that in Australia T. walkeri and T. ehrhartae are common contaminants of harvested Triticum aestivum . In the United States, the morphologically similar and genetically closely related fungus T. walkeri and also T. horrida are known contaminants of harvested Triticum aestivum (Smith et al ., ; Castlebury & Carris, ; Cunfer & Castlebury, ). In addition to the Tilletia species mentioned in Table , other tuberculate‐spored Tilletia species may be confused with T. indica (Durán & Fischer, ; Durán, ; Pimentel et al ., ).…”

Section: Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PM 7/29 (3) Tilletia indica

2018

EPPO Bulletin

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Diagnostics Diagnostic PM 7/29 (3) Tilletia indica Specific scope This Standard describes a diagnostic protocol for Tilletia indica. 1 It should be used in conjunction with PM 7/76 Use of EPPO diagnostic protocols. Specific approval and amendment This Standard was originally developed under the EU DIAGPRO Project (SMT 4-CT98-2252) by a partnership of contractor laboratories and interlaboratory comparison in European countries. First approved as an EPPO Standard in 2003-09. First revision approved in 2007-09. Second revision approved on 2017-11. Although this EPPO Diagnostic Standard differs in terms of format it is in general consistent with the content of the IPPC Standard adopted in 2014 on Tilletia indica (Annex 4 to ISPM 27) with the following exceptions.(1) In the EPPO region, as the pest is not present, a higher confidence in the results is required, a sieve wash test should be carried out (optional in the IPPC protocol). (2) When fewer than 10 teliospores are found the options should allow testing the (<10) teliospores with conventional or real-time PCR (this was not an option in the IPPC protocol flow chart, although it was stated that direct real-time PCR could be used on individual teliospores in the text). (3) The method for extracting teliospores from untreated seed or grain by sizeselective sieving is slightly different based on the experience in the region (European Union test performance study). The EPPO Diagnostic Standard also includes a test for a direct real-time PCR for use on pellets (developed in 2016). Some additional information on methods for morphological identification, from the former version of the EPPO Standard, which are not in the IPPC protocol are included in this protocol in Appendix 3 as they were considered useful by the members of the Panel on Diagnostics in Mycology.

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“…Now, based on work reported at the Moscow workshop, it appears that the ryegrass isolate is sufficiently different that it should be described as a new species of Tilletia, one that has wheat as an "experimental host" but which naturally does not move from ryegrass to wheat. This new species is T. walkeri (2).…”

Section: Ryegrass Smut Look-alikementioning

confidence: 99%