<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>as a Parasite in Food: Analysis and Control

Hill, Dolores E.; Dubey, J. P.

doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.pfs-0011-2015

Cited by 44 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…To prevent foodborne T. gondii infections, several precautions have been suggested [10,13]: Good hygiene practices should be always observed i.e., frequent washing of hands or wearing of gloves when in contact with soil or feces from cats and other animals.Surface water should be boiled before drinking to kill oocysts.Meat should be cooked to safe temperatures. Beef, lamb, and veal roasts and steaks should be cooked to at least 63 °C, and pork, ground meat, and wild game should be cooked to 71 °C before eating.…”

Section: Reducing Foodborne T Gondii Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxoplasma gondii in the Food Supply

et al. 2017

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Toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Infections are usually either asymptomatic or develop mild symptoms that are self-limited, but infections in immunosuppressed persons can be severe. Infections in pregnant women can cause serious health problems in the child such as mental retardation and blindness. Infection with T. gondii in immunocompetent adults can lead to impaired eyesight. Toxoplasmosis has ranked very highly in two studies of death and disability attributable to foodborne pathogens. The consumption of raw or undercooked meat containing T. gondii tissue cysts and the consumption of raw vegetables or water contaminated with T. gondii oocysts from cat feces is most frequently associated with human illness. The risk of acquiring a Toxoplasma infection via food varies with cultural and eating habits in different human populations.

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Section: Reducing Foodborne T Gondii Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-risk food products include contaminated meat, unpasteurized goat’s milk, fresh plant products, and water [10]. Contaminated pets and wild cats, lawn grass, and garden soil could transmit this infection to humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii in the Food Supply

et al. 2017

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“…Over the last decade, food habits have been changing constantly, and as wildlife meat is widely regarded as being healthier, consumption of game meat has become more popular. Meat from infected animals is considered the most important source of T. gondii human infections [17]. Also, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reports that more than 50% of all human toxoplasmosis cases are foodborne [11,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Wild Boars from Three Voivodeships in Poland, MAT Analyses

et al. 2020

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Purpose The European wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a popular game animal species. Its meat, however, can represent a reservoir of dangerous foodborne diseases and can play an important role in the transmission of many pathogens, including Toxoplasma gondii, in humans and animals worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of antibodies to T. gondii in the serum of hunted wild boars in Poland. Methods Using the commercial direct agglutination test, 398 serum samples collected during the hunting season 2009/2010 were tested for the presence of T. gondii antibodies, and the titre of 40 was considered indicative of T. gondii infection in analysed samples. Results It was found that nationwide, 37.7% were seropositive to T. gondii, although seroprevalence varied from 11.6 to 50% depending on the Voivodeship. Significant differences were observed between the Great Poland and Lubusz Voivodeships and between Great Poland and Warmian-Masurian. Conclusion Serological test indicated widespread exposure to T. gondii by wild boar; therefore, consumption of raw or undercooked game meat of infected animals can carry a significant risk of T. gondii infection.

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“…This shows that during this short period of time, between the test diagnosis and beginning of treatment, the patient may not be infected; however, how to ensure that the infection will not occur in the following months? (Mylonas, 2012) Neisseria gonorrhea 0.7% to 7%, (Rao et al, 2008) Neisseria gonorrhea (risk group) 15 -35% (Benzaken et al, 2006) Treponema pallidum 0.71% (Gottlieb et al, 2008) Herpes Simplex Virus 2% (Brown et al, 2005) Parasites Trypanosoma cruzi 1% to 40% (Martins-Melo et al, 2014) Toxoplasma gondii 8% -22% (Hill & Dubey, 2016) Plasmodium falciparum 2.9% (Kourtis et al, 2014) Virus Parvovirus B19 (endemic period) 1.5% (Valeur-Jensen et al, 1999) Parvovirus B19 (epidemic period) 13.0% (Valeur-Jensen et al, 1999) Cytomegalovirus 0.3% (Preece et al, 1986) Varicella Zoster 0.16% -0.46% (Helmuth et al, 2015) ZIKV 0.88% (Johansson et al, 2016) On the other hand, those patients who are already experiencing stress arising from the diagnosis of infertility and the decision to undergo an assisted reproduction treatment, also suffer from the stress of performing the ZIKV test. The instruction to perform the ZIKV associated with the alarming news coming from the media makes these patients even more frightened and stressed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika Virus Outbreak - Should assisted reproduction patients avoid pregnancy?

Borges¹,

Braga²,

Zanetti³

et al. 2017

JBRA Assisted Reproduction

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Objective: To discuss the requirement from the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), for assisted reproduction treatment patients to undergo laboratory tests for ZIKV detection, and if the public health authorities and government leaders' recommendations to women simply avoid pregnancy is prudent.Methods: This study was performed in a universityaffiliated in vitro fertilization center in Brazil. We present a critical discussion on the risk of microcephaly due to ZIKV infection and the prevalence of other harmful pathogens to vulnerable pregnant women and infants. We assessed, 954 patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles (ICSI), between April and November of 2016, concerning the results of ZIKV test, according to different regions in Brazil.Results: Patients undergoing ICSI cycles were split into groups, according to their region of origin: 28 (3.0%) were from the North, 27 (2.8%) were from the Northeast, 40 (4.2%) were from the Midwest, 830 (87.2%) were from the Southeast, and 29 (3.0%) were from the South. Concerning the diagnosis, 112 samples had a positive or inconclusive result for ZIKV, by chromatography immunoassay. These samples were re-analyzed by ELISA and no result was positive. All positive results were from the Southeast region and none from the Northeast or Midwest regions, which are considered endemic regions.Conclusion: ZIKV test before the onset of assisted reproduction treatments does not rule out the risk of the infection during pregnancy. In addition, although ZIKV infection risk is extremely high, the microcephaly risk due to ZIKV is not higher than the risk of miscarriage and birth defects due to other recognized pathogens.

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Toxoplasma gondiias a Parasite in Food: Analysis and Control

Cited by 44 publications

References 139 publications

Toxoplasma gondii in the Food Supply

Toxoplasma gondii in the Food Supply

The Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Wild Boars from Three Voivodeships in Poland, MAT Analyses

Zika Virus Outbreak - Should assisted reproduction patients avoid pregnancy?

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