<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> infection and toxoplasmosis in North Africa: a review

Rouatbi, Mariem; Amairia, Safa; Amdouni, Yosra; Boussaadoun, Mohamed Anis; Ayadi, Ouarda; AL-Hosary, Amira; Rekik, Mourad; Abdallah, R. Ben; Karim, Abdul; Darghouth, Mohamed Aziz; Wieland, Barbara; Gharbi, Mohamed

doi:10.1051/parasite/2019006

Cited by 68 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…In addition, a similar study carried out among patients in Cairo-Egypt, where agreement between both methods was found in 78.8% of [3] using the same techniques, 21.3% reported in Saudi Arabia [19]. However, lower seroprevalence of 15.3% and 12.3% has been reported [9,20]. These variations may be due to the prevailing risk factors and weather conditions in the study locations [9,20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Comparison of Elisa and Rapid Immunochromatographic Tests in Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Onosakponome¹,

Wokem

Abah

2020

IJTDH

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Toxoplasmosis is a neglected tropical disease with a global distribution that is estimated to infect one third of the world’s human population. This study was a comparison of ELISA and rapid Immunochromatographic tests (ICT) in diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in Port Harcourt Nigeria. Eight hundred patients grouped in four categories from three Health Care Centres were randomly sampled after due ethical approval was obtained. Samples were analysed using Toxo IgG-IgM rapid test (ICT) and Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. Socio Demo graphic Data were obtained using well-structured questionnaires. The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis based on ICT was 28.1% while that of ELISA was 34.5% both significant (P < 0.05) with a relative risk of 0.815. The diagnostic parameters of ICT versus ELISA IgG were sensitively 46.7% specificity 81.7% positive predictive value (PPV) 57.3%, Negative predictive value (NPV) 74.4 with a diagnostic efficiency of 69.6% Cohen Kappas indicate good to moderate agreement between the two tests for detecting IgG. Although ELISA is the gold standard for diagnosing toxoplasmosis, ICT being less expensive, faster with high specificity and good diagnostic efficiency in detecting IgG is recommended as a preliminary screening tool for diagnosing toxoplasmosis in remote areas and facilities because ELISA is laborious, expensive and not readily available.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…However, lower seroprevalence of 15.3% and 12.3% has been reported [9,20]. These variations may be due to the prevailing risk factors and weather conditions in the study locations [9,20]. On the other hand, the seroprevalence ratio of toxoplasmosis using ELISA IgG and IgM antibodies was 34.1% and 3.8% respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Comparison of Elisa and Rapid Immunochromatographic Tests in Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Onosakponome¹,

Wokem

Abah

2020

IJTDH

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“…Prevalence of T. gondii infection (based on immunoglobulin G antibodies) considerably varies between age groups and geographical regions [115,116]. Children often present with lower rates of infection; however, estimates of seroprevalence in adults range between 5 and 25% in North America, Western Europe, and East Asia, and upwards of 20% elsewhere [115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126]. Moreover, countries such as Brazil and Indonesia typically reported adult seroprevalence above 60% [115,124,127].…”

Section: Toxoplasma Gondiimentioning

confidence: 99%

Catastrophic consequences: can the feline parasite Toxoplasma gondii prompt the purrfect neuroinflammatory storm following traumatic brain injury?

Baker

Sun

Semple

et al. 2020

J Neuroinflammation

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide; however, treatment development is hindered by the heterogenous nature of TBI presentation and pathophysiology. In particular, the degree of neuroinflammation after TBI varies between individuals and may be modified by other factors such as infection. Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite that infects approximately one-third of the world's population, has a tropism for brain tissue and can persist as a lifelong infection. Importantly, there is notable overlap in the pathophysiology between TBI and T. gondii infection, including neuroinflammation. This paper will review current understandings of the clinical problems, pathophysiological mechanisms, and functional outcomes of TBI and T. gondii, before considering the potential synergy between the two conditions. In particular, the discussion will focus on neuroinflammatory processes such as microglial activation, inflammatory cytokines, and peripheral immune cell recruitment that occur during T. gondii infection and after TBI. We will present the notion that these overlapping pathologies in TBI individuals with a chronic T. gondii infection have the strong potential to exacerbate neuroinflammation and related brain damage, leading to amplified functional deficits. The impact of chronic T. gondii infection on TBI should therefore be investigated in both preclinical and clinical studies as the possible interplay could influence treatment strategies.

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“…Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii infection (1). In HIV-infected patients, seropositivity for Toxoplasma antibodies is as high as 10-40%, and it is estimated that a third of those patients will eventually progress to toxoplasma encephalitis (TE) (2), particularly in those with CD4 + T-cell counts 50 cells/µL (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a risk scoring system for prognostication in HIV-related toxoplasma encephalitis

Zeng

Liu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objective: This study aims to evaluate specific risk factors influencing prognosis of HIV-infected patients with toxoplasma encephalitis (TE) in order to develop a prognostic risk scoring system for them. Methods: This is a six-center retrospective study of hospitalized HIV/TE patients. Data including six-week mortality after diagnosis, baseline characteristics, clinical features, laboratory tests and radiological characteristics of eligible patients were assimilated for risk model establishing.Results: In this study, the six-week mortality among 94 retrospective cases was 11.7% (11/94). Seven specific risk factors, viz. time from symptom onset to presentation, fever, dizziness, CD4+ T-cell counts, memory deficits, patchy brain lesions, and disorders of consciousness were calculated to be statistically associated with mortality. A criterion value of ‘9’ was selected as the optimal cut-off value of the established model. The AUC of the ROC curve of this scoring model was 0.976 (p<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of the risk scoring model was 100.0% and 86.9%, respectively, which were 81.8% and 94.1% of this scoring model in the verification cohort, respectively. Conclusions: The developed scoring system was established with simple risk factors, which also allows expeditious implementation of accurate prognostication, and appropriate therapeutic interventions in HIV-infected patients with TE.

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Toxoplasma gondii infection and toxoplasmosis in North Africa: a review

Cited by 68 publications

References 85 publications

Comparison of Elisa and Rapid Immunochromatographic Tests in Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Comparison of Elisa and Rapid Immunochromatographic Tests in Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Catastrophic consequences: can the feline parasite Toxoplasma gondii prompt the purrfect neuroinflammatory storm following traumatic brain injury?

Development of a risk scoring system for prognostication in HIV-related toxoplasma encephalitis

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