<i>Tra-2</i> Mediates Cross-Talk Between Sex Determination and Wing Polyphenism in Female <i>Nilaparvata lugens</i>

Zhuo, Ji-Chong; Chen, Lei; Shi, Ji-Kai; Xu, Nan; Xue, Wenhua; Zhang, Meng‐Qiu; Ren, Ze-Wei; Zhang, Hou‐Hong; Zhang, Chuan‐Xi

doi:10.1534/genetics.117.300328

Cited by 27 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Consistent with this, we also find enrichment of hormone signalling amongst genes with male-biased methylation, with 3 insulin genes hypermethylated in males (2 not expressed, 1 has male-specific expression). Insulin receptors determine alternative wing morphs in planthoppers (Xu et al 2015) and have been shown to interact with the core sex determination gene TRANSFORMER-2 (Zhuo et al 2017).…”

Section: Asexual Females and Males Have Distinct Methylation Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-specific changes in the aphid DNA methylation landscape

Mathers

Mugford

Percival‐Alwyn

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Aphids present an ideal system to study epigenetics as they can produce diverse, but genetically identical, morphs in response to environmental stimuli. Here, using whole genome bisulphite sequencing and transcriptome sequencing of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), we present the first detailed analysis of cytosine methylation in an aphid and investigate differences in the methylation and transcriptional landscapes of male and asexual female morphs. We find that methylation primarily occurs in a CG dinucleotide (CpG) context and that exons are highly enriched for methylated CpGs, particularly at the 3' end of genes. Methylation is positively associated with gene expression, and methylated genes are more stably expressed than un-methylated genes. Male and asexual female morphs have distinct methylation profiles. Strikingly, these profiles are divergent between the sex chromosome and the autosomes; autosomal genes are hypo-methylated in males compared to asexual females, whereas genes belonging to the sex chromosome, which is haploid in males, are hyper-methylated. Overall, we find correlated changes in methylation and gene expression between males and asexual females, and this correlation is particularly strong for genes located on the sex chromosome. Our results suggest that differential methylation of sexbiased genes plays a role in M. persicae sexual differentiation.

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Section: Asexual Females and Males Have Distinct Methylation Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-specific changes in the aphid DNA methylation landscape

Mathers

Mugford

Percival‐Alwyn

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…In Bombyx mori , tra2 is essential for the development of the testes (Suzuki et al ., ). In Nilaparvata lugens , maternal RNA interference (RNAi) Nltra‐2 causes female offspring to be strictly long‐winged by influencing genes of the insulin signalling pathway (Zhuo et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterization of doublesex in Bemisia tabaci

Guo

Xie

Liu

et al. 2018

Insect Molecular Biology

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Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is an important agricultural pest with a worldwide distribution. Although B. tabaci is known to have a unique haplodiploid reproductive strategy, its sex determination mechanism is largely unknown. In this study, we cloned the full-length sequence of B. tabaci doublesex (Btdsx) and found that Btdsx has 28 splicing isoforms. We found two new splicing isoforms of transformer 2 (Bttra2), which encode two proteins. We also confirmed that both genes lack sex-specific splicing isoforms. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that the expression of Btdsx and Bttra2 is higher in males than in females. RNA interference of Bttra2 affected the expression of Btdsx and vice versa. Furthermore, silencing of Bttra2 or Btdsx caused malformation of the male genitalia (anal style). It did not affect the female phenotype, but reduced the expression of vitellogenin gene in females. These results indicate that Btdsx is associated with sex determination in B. tabaci and that Btdsx and Bttra2 affect each other and are important for male genitalia formation. In addition to increasing our understanding of the roles of dsx and tra2 in the sex determination of B. tabaci, the results will be useful for studies of sex determination in other haplodiploid species.

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“…Maternal RNAi has been reported to be an efficient method to study gene function in BPH (Xu et al., ; Zhuo et al., ). To determine the function of NlHox3 , we injected dsRNA targeting NlHox3 into virgin female adult BPHs within 2 h after emergence.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was reported that parental RNAi of Dctra‐2 has a great influence on female fecundity and egg hatchability in Diaphorina citri (Yu & Killiny, ). It was also found that offspring wing morphs can be influenced by the maternal RNAi of the NlTra‐2 gene in a sex‐specific manner in N. lugens (Zhuo et al., ). Parental RNAi can last for seven generations in Sitobion avenae (Abdellatef et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of NlHox3, an essential gene for embryonic development in Nilaparvata lugens

Ren

Zhuo

Zhang

et al. 2018

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Hox genes encode transcriptional regulatory proteins that control axial patterning in all bilaterians. The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is a destructive insect pest of rice plants in Asian countries. During analysis of the N. lugens transcriptome, we identified a Hox3-like gene (NlHox3) that was highly and specifically expressed in the embryonic stage. We performed functional analysis on the gene to identify its roles in embryonic development and its potential use as a target in RNA interference (RNAi) based pest control. The sequence analysis showed that NlHox3 was homologous to the Hox3 gene and was most closely related with zen of Drosophila. There were no significant differences in oviposition between the treated and control females after injecting double-stranded RNA of NlHox3 (dsNlHox3) into newly emerged female adult BPHs; however, there was a significant difference in the hatchability of those eggs laid, which no egg from the treated group hatched normally. Injecting female adult BPHs with dsNlHox3 led to necrosis of these offspring embryos, with eye reversal and undeveloped organs, suggesting that NlHox3 was an essential gene for embryonic development and might be a potential target for RNAi-based control of this insect pest.

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Tra-2 Mediates Cross-Talk Between Sex Determination and Wing Polyphenism in Female Nilaparvata lugens

Cited by 27 publications

References 35 publications

Sex-specific changes in the aphid DNA methylation landscape

Sex-specific changes in the aphid DNA methylation landscape

Identification and characterization of doublesex in Bemisia tabaci

Characterization of NlHox3, an essential gene for embryonic development in Nilaparvata lugens

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