Identification and characterization of <i>doublesex</i> in <i>Bemisia tabaci</i>

Guo, Long; Xie, Wen; Liu, Y.; Yang, Zezhong; Yang, Xin; Xia, Jixing; Wang, Shizhuang; Wu, Qingjun; Zhang, Youjun

doi:10.1111/imb.12494

Cited by 33 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…In P. humanus (Phthiraptera), the alternative splicing of dsx follows the usual pattern, with a common N-terminal domain and alternative C-termini, but we found that both dsx isoforms are present in both sexes. Previous work in the hemipteran Bemisia tabaci also failed to detect sex-specific dsx isoforms (95), suggesting that some insects may have secondarily lost sex-specific dsx splicing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Hemimetabolous insects elucidate the origin of sexual development via alternative splicing

Wexler

Delaney

Bellés

et al. 2019

Preprint

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25Insects are the only animals in which sexual differentiation is controlled by sex-specific RNA 26 splicing. The doublesex (dsx) transcription factor produces distinct male and female protein 27 isoforms (DsxM and DsxF) under the control of the RNA splicing factor transformer (tra). tra 28 itself is also alternatively spliced so that a functional Tra protein is only present in females; thus, 29 DsxM is produced by default, while DsxF expression requires Tra. The sex-specific Dsx 30 isoforms are essential for both male and female sexual differentiation. This pathway is 31 profoundly different from the molecular mechanisms that control sex-specific development in 32 other animal groups. In animals as different as vertebrates, nematodes, and crustaceans, sexual 33 differentiation involves male-specific transcription of dsx-related transcription factors that are 34 not alternatively spliced and play no role in female sexual development. To understand how the 35 unique splicing-based mode of sexual differentiation found in insects evolved from a more 36 ancestral transcription-based mechanism, we examined dsx and tra expression in three basal, 37 hemimetabolous insect orders. We find that functional Tra protein is limited to females in the 38 kissing bug Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera), but is present in both sexes in the louse Pediculus 39 humanus (Phthiraptera) and the cockroach Blattella germanica (Blattodea). Although 40 alternatively spliced dsx isoforms are seen in all these insects, they are sex-specific in the 41 cockroach and the kissing bug but not in the louse. In B. germanica, RNAi experiments show 42 that dsx is necessary for male, but not female, sexual differentiation, while tra controls female 43 development via a dsx-independent pathway. Our results suggest that the distinctive insect 44 mechanism based on the tra-dsx splicing cascade evolved in a gradual, mosaic process: sex-45 specific splicing of dsx predates its role in female sexual differentiation, while the role of tra in 46 regulating dsx splicing and in sexual development more generally predates sex-specific 47 52 53 Sex determination and sexual differentiation evolve on drastically different time scales. Sex 54 determination (that is, the primary signal directing the embryo to develop as male or female) can 55 be either environmental or genetic. Genetic sex determination can in turn be either male-or 56 female-heterogametic (with or without heteromorphic sex chromosomes), mono-or polygenic, or 57 haplo-diploid, among other mechanisms (1-7). Primary sex determination is among the most 58 rapidly evolving developmental processes. In African clawed frogs, medaka, salmon, and other 59 animals, there are many examples of recently evolved sex-determining genes, so that the primary 60 sex determination genes can differ between closely related species (8-13). The signals initiating 61 male or female development can vary even within species, as seen in cichlids, zebrafish, house 62 flies, and Ranid frogs (5,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). 63In contrast, sex...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Hemimetabolous insects elucidate the origin of sexual development via alternative splicing

Wexler

Delaney

Bellés

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…S2; Table ). Among these genes, PSI , tra2 and dsx have been documented previously (Xie et al ., ; Liu et al ., ; Guo et al ., ), whereas the other 23 (88.5%), including tra and fru , were identified for the first time in this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Second, 20 SDGs with incomplete sequences or the same predicted amino acids between the female and male transcriptomic datasets were filtered (Table S5). The remaining six SDGs were verified by RT‐PCR [ dsx , tra2 and PSI verified previously (Liu et al ., ; Guo et al ., ) and da , mle and Imp verified in this paper]. PCR validation in this paper was conducted using designed sex‐specific primers (Table S7) with newly emerged female or male samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…After screening, six SDGs with putative sex‐specific splicing remained (Tables S5 and S6). Among these SDGs, PSI , dsx and tra2 have been previously studied (Liu et al ., ; Guo et al ., ), whereas the remaining three genes were validated by PCR in this study. The results showed that da and mle undergo sex‐specific splicing in B. tabaci , whereas Imp does not (Figs A, B and S4; Table S8).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a globally invasive polyphagous pest with a haplodiploid reproduction system (males that develop from unfertilized eggs are haploid and females that develop from fertilized eggs are diploid) (Blackman and Cahill, ), the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is an emerging model for the study of signalling cascades and gene expression networks that govern sex determination. To date, only three SDGs ( PSI , tra2 and dsx ) have been identified (Xie et al ., ; Liu et al ., ; Guo et al ., ). The mechanism underlying sex determination in whiteflies is poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Genome‐wide dissection of sex determination genes in the highly invasive whitefly species Bemisia tabaci Q/MED

Liu

Xie

Guo

et al. 2019

Insect Molecular Biology

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Sex determination genes are important regulators of reproduction as well as of the development of both behavioural and morphological sex characteristics. The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is an emerging insect pest worldwide. The recent release of the genome sequence of the highly invasive B. tabaciQ/MED allows us to investigate the mechanisms and genes involved in sex determination. The combined genome and transcriptome‐wide analyses identified 26 genes putatively associated with sex determination in B. tabaciQ/MED. The temporal profiles of these genes exhibited a consistent expression pattern at all B. tabaci developmental stages: the highest transcript levels were detected in eggs (21 genes, 80.8%) and the lowest in adults (24 genes, 92.3%). The expression pattern was further validated by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription PCR analysis. Alternative splicing analysis found that (1) da and mle have sex‐specific isoforms in B. tabaci adults, whereas Imp does not, and (2) exon skipping is a common splicing mechanism involved in B. tabaci sex determination. This research provides a comprehensive list of genes involved in B. tabaci sex determination and provides an opportunity to further understand the mechanisms underlying sex determination in a globally invasive insect pest that reproduces both sexually and asexually.

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The role of 25(OH)D3 and circRNAs in early diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus

Zou

Liu

Shen

et al. 2023

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Objective: To explore the relationship between 25(OH)D3 and circular RNAs (circR-NAs) in the early diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to screen for biological markers for early prediction of GDM.Methods: A cohort study was conducted using samples and data collected from pregnant women registered at the Li Huili hospital in China between April 2018 and January 2020. Four circRNAs (hsa_circ_0003218, hsa_circ_0002968, hsa_circ_0007430, and hsa_circ_0006260) were selected as potential biomarkers, and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to measure their concentration in the serum and to analyze their correlation with 25(OH)D3. The Pearson correlation test was used to assess the correlation between the 25(OH)D3, circRNAs, and various clinical variables. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the diagnostic value of circRNAs and 25(OH)D3 in the early stage of pregnancy. Results: Weight, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and 25(OH)D3 were found to be risk factors for GDM. The level of 25(OH)D3 correlated significantly with HDL-C with a correlation coefficient of 0.298 (p < 0.05). The expression of hsa_circ_0003218 was significantly downregulated in the GDM group (p < 0.05). Hsa_circ_0002968, hsa_circ_0007430, and hsa_circ_0006260 did not show any differential expression between the two groups (p > 0.05). Furthermore, hsa_circ_0003218 level correlated significantly with 25(OH)D3 and the correlation coefficient was 0.357 (p < 0.05). The AUC of hsa_ circ_0003218 combined with 25(OH)D3 was 0.789 ([0.700-0.877], p < 0.001), with sensitivity and specificity of 63.04% and 80.65%, respectively. Conclusions: Hsa_circ_0003218 and 25(OH)D3 may jointly participate in the metabolic process of GDM. Thus, the combination of 25(OH)D3 and hsa_circ_0003218 represents a potential biomarker for the prediction of GDM in the early stages of pregnancy.

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Identification and characterization of doublesex in Bemisia tabaci

Cited by 33 publications

References 75 publications

Hemimetabolous insects elucidate the origin of sexual development via alternative splicing

Hemimetabolous insects elucidate the origin of sexual development via alternative splicing

Genome‐wide dissection of sex determination genes in the highly invasive whitefly species Bemisia tabaci Q/MED

The role of 25(OH)D3 and circRNAs in early diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus

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