Trichosporon jirovecii infection of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)

Abstract

One hundred and twenty‐nine isolates of Trichosporon jirovecii were isolated from the melanized exoskeleton as well as eyestalks, gills, muscle and haemolymph of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) collected from the River Nile, during summer 2015. Isolates were similar morphologically, biochemically and genetically. Also, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis exhibited no polymorphism among the tested isolates. Virulence factors such as chitinase, protease, lipase activities and biofilm formation were examined. Challenge test, using a representative isolate (Tj_ASU8), proved its pathogenicity against crayfish. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles had a good antifungal activity with a minimum fungicidal concentration of 8 mg/ml. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for isolation of T. jirovecii from red swamp crayfish, showing melanization, from the River Nile. We assume that infected crayfish may act as a vector for this fungus and can disseminate infection to all susceptible hosts in the vicinity.

The role of rpoS in the regulation of Vibrio alginolyticus virulence and the response to diverse stresses

“…Biofilm formation could enhance the resistance to antibiotics (Khandekar et al., ; Yatip, Teja, Flegel, & Soowannayan, ) and host immune killing (Abdallah, Mahmoud, & Abdel‐Rahim, ; Chenia & Duma, ; Lange et al., ), while biofilm formation of Vibrio depends on complex regulatory processes (Cai et al., ). rpoS is involved in biofilm production in several bacteria, such as E. coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Edwardsiella tarda (Xiao et al., ), although no such research about V. alginolyticus has yet been reported.…”

Recent Applications of Magnesium Oxide (MgO) Nanoparticles in various domains

“…According to Y. Abdallah et al not only magnesium nanoparticles but magnesium oxide nanoflowers have been brought into existence because they own properties to suppress bacterial infections and prevent crops from damage [54]. Magnesium has been an essential mineral element for maintaining balanced nutrition in plants and also participates in various physiological functions such as plant protection and pathogenesis because of which these magnesium nanoparticles are known to show adorable antifungal activity even amongst minimum amount of fungicidal concentration [55][56][57][58].…”

Fusarium Solani Infection of Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus Clarkii)

“…Putatively diseased crayfish with black coloration in the gills (Fig. 1) were subject to fungal isolation as was previously described (Abdallah et al, 2018). Briefly, crayfish were anesthetized by chilling on ice.…”

“…Freeze dry homogenization was performed using liquid nitrogen in a sterile mortar until a fine powder was obtained. DNA extraction was carried out using the CTAB method described by Abdallah et al (2018). The concentration and the purity of the obtained DNA were determined using Nanophotometer (Implen GmbH, Germany) measuring the optical density at 260 nm and ratio optical density at 260/280 nm, respectively.…”

“…In their habitat, either wild or cultured, red swamp crayfish are exposed to many pathogens including bacterial, fungal, viral and parasites as well (Abdallah et al, 2018;Baumgartner et al, 2009;Holdich et al, 2009;Yosra et al, 2016). One of the fungi known to infect various crustacean species including freshwater crayfish, lobster and shrimp, is genus Fusarium that induces melanisation and cuticle erosions (Alderman and Polglase, 1985;Chinain and Vey, 1988;Dörr et al, 2012;Hose et al, 1984;Khoa et al, 2004;Makkonen et al, 2013).…”