<i>Tubulinosema spp.</i>Microsporidian Myositis in Immunosuppressed Patient

Metcalfe, Maureen G.; Arrambide, Kathryn; Bern, Caryn; Visvesvara, Govinda S.; Pieniążek, Norman J.; Bandea, Rebecca; DeLeon-Carnes, Marlene; Adem, Patricia; Choudhary, Manoj K.; Zaki, Sherif R.; Saeed, Musab U.

doi:10.3201/eid1709.101926

Cited by 49 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Examples include Anncalia algerae infections in the eye and musculature [49], Tubulinosema sp. infection of the tongue [50], and Trachipleistophora sp. infections of the skeletal muscle and organs [51].…”

Section: Microsporidia In Food and Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsporidia – Emergent Pathogens in the Global Food Chain

Stentiford

Becnel

Weiss

et al. 2016

Trends in Parasitology

261

190

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Intensification of food production has the potential to drive increased disease prevalence in food plants and animals. Microsporidia are diversely distributed, opportunistic, and density-dependent parasites infecting hosts from almost all known animal taxa. They are frequent in highly managed aquatic and terrestrial hosts, many of which are vulnerable to epizootics, and all of which are crucial for the stability of the animal–human food chain. Mass rearing and changes in global climate may exacerbate disease and more efficient transmission of parasites in stressed or immune-deficient hosts. Further, human microsporidiosis appears to be adventitious and primarily associated with an increasing community of immune-deficient individuals. Taken together, strong evidence exists for an increasing prevalence of microsporidiosis in animals and humans, and for sharing of pathogens across hosts and biomes.

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Section: Microsporidia In Food and Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsporidia – Emergent Pathogens in the Global Food Chain

Stentiford

Becnel

Weiss

et al. 2016

Trends in Parasitology

261

190

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“…There are approximately 1400 described species of microsporidia which are distributed into about 200 genera (2), of which the following have been demonstrated to cause infections in humans (Table 1): Nosema ( N. corneum renamed Vittaforma corneae (44) ; N. algerae reclassified initially as Brachiola algerae (45) and now as Anncaliia algerae (46)) , Pleistophora (47) , Encephalitozoon (48, 49) , Enterocytozoon (24) , Septata (50) (reclassified as Encephalitozoon (51)) , Trachipleistophora (52–54) , Brachiola (45) , Anncaliia (46) , Tubulonosema (55, 56) , Endoreticulatus (57) and Microsporidium (48). Drugs that are used for the treatment of microsporidiosis in various hosts have been reviewed by Costa et al (58).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsporidia: Obligate Intracellular Pathogens Within the Fungal Kingdom

2017

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Microsporidia are obligate intracellular pathogens related to Fungi. These organisms have a unique invasion organelle, the polar tube, which upon appropriate environmental stimulation rapidly discharges out of the spore, pierces a host cell’s membrane, and serves as a conduit for sporoplasm passage into the host cell. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that microsporidia are related to the Fungi, being either a basal branch or sister group. Despite the description of microsporidia over 150 years ago, we still lack an understanding of the mechanism of invasion, including the role of various polar tube proteins, spore wall proteins, and host cell proteins in the formation and function of the invasion synapse. Recent advances in ultrastructural techniques are helping to better define the formation and functioning of the invasion synapse. Over the past 2 decades, proteomic approaches have helped define polar tube proteins and spore wall proteins as well as the importance of posttranslational modifications such as glycosylation in the functioning of these proteins, but the absence of genetic techniques for the manipulation of microsporidia has hampered research on the function of these various proteins. The study of the mechanism of invasion should provide fundamental insights into the biology of these ubiquitous intracellular pathogens that can be integrated into studies aimed at treating or controlling microsporidiosis.

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“…Speaking specifically of the Anncaliia/Tubulinosema clade, Tubulinosema acridophagus from an American locust Schistocerca americana was found to cause myositis and disseminated infection in a patient with a bone marrow transplant (Choudhary et al. ; Meissner et al. ; Weiss ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Morphological Characterization of Anncaliia azovica sp. n. (Microsporidia) Infecting Niphargogammarus intermedius (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the Azov Sea

Tokarev

Sokolova

Vasilieva

et al. 2017

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Five out of one hundred adults of Niphargogammarus intermedius caught at the Azov sea shore were found to be infected with microsporidia. The infection was found in the subcuticular fat body and myocytes. Parasites developed in direct contact with host cells, displayed a disporoblastic sporogony and diplokaryotic arrangement of nuclei at all stages. Spores were oval, 4.6-5.8 × 2.6-3.0 μm. Exospore appendages, vesicular-tubular secretions, and the anisofilar polar filament indicated a similarity to Anncaliia species. Sporont surfaces displayed ridges of amorphous material. Meronts and sporonts formed protoplastic extensions, similar to A. vesicularum and A. meligheti. Mature spores possessed a bipartite polaroplast. The polar tube was arranged in one row of 13-18 coils including 0-3 distal coils of lesser diameter. Partial sequencing of SSU, ITS, and LSU regions of rRNA gene (GenBank accessions: KY288064-KY288065) confirmed this new species to be congeneric with A. algerae (#AF069063) and A. meligheti (#AY894423). The SSU gene of this novel microsporidium shared 99.4% sequence similarity to A. algerae and 98.9% to A. meligheti. Genes for HSP70 and RPB1 amplified with primers designed for A. algerae orthologs displayed 99.7% and 97.4% similarity, respectively, between A. algerae and the novel microsporidium. A new species, Anncaliia azovica, is described based on morphological and molecular characterization.

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Tubulinosema spp.Microsporidian Myositis in Immunosuppressed Patient

Abstract: The Phylum Microsporidia comprises >1,200 species, only 15 of which are known to infect humans, including the genera Trachipleistophora, Pleistophora, and Brachiola. We report an infection by Tubulinosema sp. in an immunosuppressed patient.

Cited by 49 publications

References 15 publications

Microsporidia – Emergent Pathogens in the Global Food Chain

Microsporidia – Emergent Pathogens in the Global Food Chain

Microsporidia: Obligate Intracellular Pathogens Within the Fungal Kingdom

Molecular and Morphological Characterization of Anncaliia azovica sp. n. (Microsporidia) Infecting Niphargogammarus intermedius (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the Azov Sea

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