<i>Um</i> . . . Who Like Says <i>You Know</i>

Laserna, Charlyn M.; Seih, Yi Tai; Pennebaker, James W.

doi:10.1177/0261927x14526993

Cited by 83 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A growing body of research in psychology examines differences in language use between demographic and social groups using either closed-vocabulary lexicons (Laserna, Seih, & Pennebaker, 2014;Yarkoni, 2010) such as the program Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC; Pennebaker, Mehl, & Niederhoffer, 2003;Tausczik & Pennebaker, 2010), or open-vocabulary approaches (e.g., Schwartz et al, 2013). Most of these analyses aim to identify differences in language features between mutually exclusive groups (e.g.…”

Section: Social Identity and Language Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting a Salient Social Identity from Linguistic Style

Koschate-Reis¹,

Dickens²,

Stuart³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Social media data are already being used to classify individuals into mutually exclusive social groups. Here we propose a model based on self-categorization theory that classifies which of two social identities is salient within the same person using text data. Based on over 500,000 online forum posts and seven prototype-based style features, a trained classifier correctly distinguishes between posts written by the same person in two different social contexts – a parenting forum and a feminist forum – significantly above chance level (AUC = .74). We then apply the trained classifier to a new dataset (N = 153) obtained from an online experiment where salience of group membership is manipulated. We show that our trained model distinguishes between salient parent and feminist identities significantly above chance level when the topic is irrelevant to either identity (AUC = .69). We discuss applications but also limitations of a text-based prediction of salient social identities.

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Section: Social Identity and Language Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting a Salient Social Identity from Linguistic Style

Koschate-Reis¹,

Dickens²,

Stuart³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Shriberg (2001) also reported that men used more filled pauses than women [16]. Laserna et al (2014), however, found that filled pauses were used at comparable rates across genders and age, whereas discourse markers (I mean, you know, like) were more common among women, younger speakers, and more conscientious speakers [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pauses and pause fillers in Mandarin monologue speech: The effects of sex and proficiency

Yuan

Lai

et al. 2016

Speech Prosody 2016

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In this study, we investigate the use of pauses and pause fillers in Mandarin Chinese. Our analysis is based on 267 spoken monologues from a Mandarin proficiency test. We identify two basic pause fillers in Mandarin: e and en. We find that males use more e than females, but there is no difference between them on the frequency of en. Therefore, the proportion of nasal-final pause fillers is higher in female than in male speakers, as was found in the studies of Germanic languages. Proficiency, on the other hand, does not affect the frequency of either e or en. With respect to the use of unfilled pauses, both sex and proficiency have a significant effect. Males and less proficient speakers use more medium and long, but not brief, pauses. Males tend to speak faster than females, they have a shorter en, but there is no difference between the two sexes on the duration of e. Un-proficient speakers produce shorter pause fillers, both e and en, than proficient ones. Finally, en is longer than e, it also precedes and follows a longer pause than e.

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“…1 B). Fillers were defined as an extraneous word or set of words (e.g., “uh”, “um”, “y’know”, or “well” 1 , 38 ). We used Cool Edit Pro version 2 (Syntrillium Software Corp., Phoenix, AZ, USA) to aid in the manual marking of each phrase of interest 39 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regardless of age, gender, or native language, healthy individuals use filler phrases, also known as filled pauses, during spontaneous speech 1 . Frequent utterance of fillers is tightly associated with increased effort to recall or search for a relevant word 2 , increased anxiety 3 , and divided attention 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural dynamics during the vocalization of ‘uh’ or ‘um’

Sugiura

Alqatan

Nakai

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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People occasionally use filler phrases or pauses, such as "uh", "um", or "y'know," that interrupt the flow of a sentence and fill silent moments between ordinary (non-filler) phrases. It remains unknown which brain networks are engaged during the utterance of fillers. We addressed this question by quantifying event-related cortical high gamma activity at 70-110 Hz. During extraoperative electrocorticography recordings performed as part of the presurgical evaluation, patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy were instructed to overtly explain, in a sentence, 'what is in the image (subject)', 'doing what (verb)', 'where (location)', and 'when (time)'. Time-frequency analysis revealed that the utterance of fillers, compared to that of ordinary words, was associated with a greater magnitude of high gamma augmentation in association and visual cortex of either hemisphere. Our preliminary results raise the hypothesis that filler utterance would often occur when large-scale networks across the association and visual cortex are engaged in cognitive processing, including lexical retrieval as well as verbal working memory and visual scene scanning. Regardless of age, gender, or native language, healthy individuals use filler phrases, also known as filled pauses, during spontaneous speech 1. Frequent utterance of fillers is tightly associated with increased effort to recall or search for a relevant word 2 , increased anxiety 3 , and divided attention 4. Disfluent non-native speakers compared to native ones as well as dysphasic patients compared to non-dysphasic ones more frequently utter fillers during verbal communication 5,6. Practice and preparation are effective methods to reduce the rate of filler utterance during interviews or presentations because the word recall process becomes more automatic and less effortful 7. What happens in the cerebral cortex when one utters a filler? Only a small number of studies have attempted to determine the neural correlates of filler utterances. Effective study design is a consistent challenge in the field due to the unpredictable timing of naturally occurring filler phrases or pauses. In a study of six healthy adults using functional MRI (fMRI) 8 , participants were instructed to speak whatever came to mind when viewing Rorschach inkblot plates. The authors reported that trials accompanied by overt filler pauses, compared to those accompanied by complete silent pauses, was associated with increased hemodynamic activation in the left superior temporal gyrus. Another fMRI study characterized the spatial pattern of hemodynamic activation when participants listened to other's speeches including fillers to determine the neural correlates of listening and not utterance of fillers 9. Measurement of event-related high gamma activity on electrocorticography (ECoG), a presurgical evaluation method for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy 10 , provides a unique opportunity to quantify the rapid dynamics of human perception and cognition without increasing the risk of surgical complications 11...

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Um . . . Who Like Says You Know

Cited by 83 publications

References 24 publications

Predicting a Salient Social Identity from Linguistic Style

Predicting a Salient Social Identity from Linguistic Style

Pauses and pause fillers in Mandarin monologue speech: The effects of sex and proficiency

Neural dynamics during the vocalization of ‘uh’ or ‘um’

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