“I” value competence but “we” value social competence: The moderating role of voters' individualistic and collectivistic orientation in political elections

Chen, Fang Fang; Jing, Yuanshu; Lee, Jeong Min

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2012.07.006

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…For example, we decided to discard all elections for which we were not able to find a suitable photo for both candidates. Our sample of 75 constituencies was larger than that of most studies which previously examined (and found) effects of facial appearance on election outcomes (Castelli et al, 2009;Chen et al, 2012Chen et al, , 2014Chen et al, , 2016Rule et al, 2010). Nonetheless, it might have been insufficient to detect regional differences in the effect of perceived trustworthiness.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…For example, preferences for dominant-looking partners are stronger when intergroup conflict is made salient (Hehman et al, 2015). In the political domain, cultural differences (Chen et al, 2012;Rule et al, 2010) and the political knowledge of voters (Berggren et al, 2017;Lenz & Lawson, 2011) have been shown to moderate how much voters rely on the facial appearance of candidates when making voting decisions. Previously mentioned work by Little and colleagues (2014; also demonstrates that leaders with different facial appearance are favored when an election is framed as taking place during a time of war or peace.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facial Appearance and Electoral Success of Male Italian Politicians: Are Trustworthy-Looking Candidates More Successful In Corrupt Regions?

Jaeger¹,

Evans²,

Beest³

2019

Preprint

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People rely on the facial appearance of political candidates when voting. Here, we examine whether perceptions of competence, trustworthiness, or attractiveness are associated with electoral success in the 2016 Italian local elections. In line with situational leadership theory, we also test whether trait preferences for politicians vary as a function of election context. Specifically, we examine if trustworthy-looking politicians are more successful in regions where political corruption is a salient issue. We analyze electoral data of 150 mayoral candidates from 75 constituencies to test if the association between perceived trustworthiness and electoral success is stronger in Southern Italy, where corruption is more prevalent. Across three preregistered studies (N = 470), perceived competence and perceived trustworthiness were not associated with electoral success. Moreover, the influence of trustworthiness perceptions on electoral success did not differ between Southern Italy and the rest of the country. Instead, we found that attractive-looking politicians were more successful. A one standard deviation increase in perceived attractiveness corresponded to a 2.98 percentage point increase in vote share and a 1.91 times increase in the odds of victory. In sum, while our results support the general notion that facial appearance correlates with electoral success, we do not find evidence that corruption moderates the success of trustworthy-looking politicians.

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Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Appearance and Electoral Success of Male Italian Politicians: Are Trustworthy-Looking Candidates More Successful In Corrupt Regions?

Jaeger¹,

Evans²,

Beest³

2019

Preprint

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show abstract

“…There is some cultural variation as to which traits are most predictive of candidate success. For instance, perceived dominance predicted electoral success in the United States; however, perceived warmth or social competence served as a better predictor of candidate success in Japan and Taiwan (Chen, Jing, & Lee, 2012; Rule et al, 2010). Similarly, facial competence was a stronger predictor of candidates' electoral success in U.S. elections than in Korean elections (Na, Kim, Oh, Choi, & O'Toole, 2015).…”

Section: Casting a Ballotmentioning

confidence: 93%

Face Value: Facial Appearance and Assessments of Politicians

Carpinella¹,

Johnson²

2016

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics

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The facial appearance of political candidates provides information to voters that can be vital to the impression-formation process. Traditionally, psychological research in the field of appearance-based politics has concentrated on investigating whether politicians’ physical appearance impacts perceptions of them. Recently, the focus has shifted from examining whether facial cues matter for impression formation to determining (1) which facial cues matter for voters’ perceptions of politicians and (2) how such visual cues are utilized within the political decision-making process. This shift in research focus has ushered in an appreciation of facial competence and physical attractiveness, and it has been marked by a renewed interest in studying how gender stereotypes impact the influence of politician appearance on perceptions of male and female politicians. In addition, this renewed interest in studying underlying mechanisms in appearance-based politics has spurred on research that includes a broader range of downstream consequences such as evaluations of leadership potential, voting behavior, and even basic political party affiliation categorizations.

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“…Additional research has documented cross‐cultural differences in the predictive nature of social inferences and their influence on candidates' electoral success. More specifically, competence judgments were less accurate at predicting electoral outcomes in Korean elections compared to American elections; whereas, social competence or one's ability to navigate interpersonal interactions was a stronger predictor of electoral outcomes in Taiwanese elections compared to American elections (Chen, Jing, & Lee, ; Na, Kim, Oh, Choi, & O'Toole, ).…”

Section: Casting a Ballotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Political Communication: The Impact of Facial Cues from Social Constituencies to Personal Pocketbooks

Carpinella

Johnson

2016

Social & Personality Psych

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Voters often use visual cues such as facial appearance when forming impressions of political candidates. Originally, psychological research on appearance-based politics focused on understanding whether or not these facial cues were consequential for political judgments. As this sub-field of study has expanded, the focus has shifted to understanding how and what facial cues voters utilize in their decision-making. From this perspective, inferences about political candidates are characterized by a number of interrelated appearance-based cues such as facial competence, physical attractiveness, and ingrained gender stereotypes that manifest in politicians' appearance. Importantly, this expanded research focus now includes a broader range of evaluative judgments that are inf luenced by candidates' facial appearance. Here, we provide an overview of the research on the use of appearance-based cues in political decision-making including initial information gathered about candidates, the evaluation of candidates' potential to be effective leaders, and the decision of whether or not to support candidates in an election.

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“I” value competence but “we” value social competence: The moderating role of voters' individualistic and collectivistic orientation in political elections

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

Facial Appearance and Electoral Success of Male Italian Politicians: Are Trustworthy-Looking Candidates More Successful In Corrupt Regions?

Facial Appearance and Electoral Success of Male Italian Politicians: Are Trustworthy-Looking Candidates More Successful In Corrupt Regions?

Face Value: Facial Appearance and Assessments of Politicians

Visual Political Communication: The Impact of Facial Cues from Social Constituencies to Personal Pocketbooks

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