“…For example, work in the United States and Canada ( Dim, 2020 ; Hines & Douglas, 2010 ) and Europe ( Bates, 2019 ; Bjørnholt, & Rosten, 2020 ; Drijber et al, 2013 ; McCarrick et al, 2016 ) has shown that men’s victimization experiences may include physical and psychological forms of abuse. The physical assaults reported by male victims have been found to include serious physical attacks from their female partners including: hitting, stabbing with an object, kicking, biting, and choking ( Bates & Taylor, 2021 ; Machado et al., 2017 ). These assaults challenge the perception that women’s violence toward male partners is trivial and inconsequential ( James, 1996 ; Johnson, 2008 ; Saunders, 2002 ).…”