<i>Verticillium dahliae</i>
            Effector VdCE11 Contributes to Virulence by Promoting Accumulation and Activity of the Aspartic Protease GhAP1 from Cotton

Li, Chi; Qin, Jun; Huang, Yingqi; Shang, Wenjing; Chen, Jie‐Yin; Klosterman, Steven J.; Subbarao, Krishna V.; Hu, Xiaoping

doi:10.1128/spectrum.03547-22

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The expression of VdFAE was significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated by 3.2-fold to 16.4-fold at 12 h to 120 h post-inoculation (hpi), reaching a maximum (16.4-fold) at 72 hpi (Figure S7a). The WT strain XJ592, the knockout mutants ΔVdFAE and the complementary mutant ΔVdFAE#C were then studied for their pathogenicity on susceptible cotton plants of the cultivar Jimian 11 using the root-dipping method (Li et al, 2023).…”

Section: Vdfae Positively Regulates Virulence Of V Dahliaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Agrobacterium-mediated VIGS experiments were performed as previously described (Li et al, 2023). The cotton cloroplastos alterados gene GhCLA, involved in chloroplast development, was used as a visual marker for VIGS efficiency.…”

Section: Agroinfiltration Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infected plants were classified into five grades (0: healthy plants, no disease; 1: <25% of the leaves show yellowing or abnormal yellow spots; 2: ≥25%-<50% of the leaves show spots turning yellow, the edges of the leaves were curled; 3: ≥50%-<75% of the leaves show brown spots, the edges of the leaves were curled, some leaves fall off; 4: ≥75% of the leaves showed brown wilt spots, which lead to the death of the whole plant) based on the severity of V. dahliae infection, and a composite disease index (DI) was calculated as follows: DI = [Σ (the seedlings of every grade × relative grade)/(total seedlings × the most serious grade)] × 100 (Wang et al, 2004). The fungal biomass of V. dahliae in cotton was assessed at 20 dpi according to a previously described protocol (Gao et al, 2010;Li et al, 2023). At least 20 cotton seedlings were inoculated for each replicate and three biological replicates were used to perform each experiment.…”

Section: Infection Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, to facilitate the infection and colonization, fungal pathogens secrete proteins to undermine plant defences by altering host cellular structure and physiology (Hogenhout et al, 2009). Previous studies showed that secreted proteins play a critical role in the pathogenesis of V. dahliae (Fradin & Thomma, 2006;Li et al, 2023;Ma et al, 2021;Qin et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2017Zhang et al, , 2022. The V. dahliae secretory protein 41 (VdSCP41) interacts with plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) calmodulin binding protein 60 (CBP60g) and sar deficient 1 (SARD1) to inhibit plant immunity (Qin et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The secreted feruloyl esterase of Verticillium dahliae modulates host immunity via degradation of GhDFR

Wang,

Liao,

Shang

et al. 2024

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Feruloyl esterase (ferulic acid esterase, FAE) is an essential component of many biological processes in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. This research aimed to investigate the role of FAE and its regulation mechanism in plant immunity. We identified a secreted feruloyl esterase VdFAE from the hemibiotrophic plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae. VdFAE acted as an important virulence factor during V. dahliae infection, and triggered plant defence responses, including cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. Deletion of VdFAE led to a decrease in the degradation of ethyl ferulate. VdFAE interacted with Gossypium hirsutum protein dihydroflavanol 4‐reductase (GhDFR), a positive regulator in plant innate immunity, and promoted the degradation of GhDFR. Furthermore, silencing of GhDFR led to reduced resistance of cotton plants against V. dahliae. The results suggested a fungal virulence strategy in which a fungal pathogen secretes FAE to interact with host DFR and interfere with plant immunity, thereby promoting infection.

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Section: Vdfae Positively Regulates Virulence Of V Dahliaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Agroinfiltration Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Infection Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The secreted feruloyl esterase of Verticillium dahliae modulates host immunity via degradation of GhDFR

Wang,

Liao,

Shang

et al. 2024

Molecular Plant Pathology

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“…The polysaccharide deacetylase VdPDA1 enhanced the deacetylation of chitin oligosaccharides, leading to impaired ability of host plants to recognize chitin oligosaccharides, thereby inhibiting the host plant immune response (Gao et al, 2019). As a candidate effector, VdCE11 contributed to pathogenicity in cotton and Arabidopsis by enhancing the accumulation and activity of the aspartic proteases, which were negative regulators of immunity from cotton and Arabidopsis (Li et al, 2023).…”

Section: Manipulation and Suppression Of The Immune Responses Of Host...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Verticillium dahliae and cotton: pathogenic mechanism and cotton resistance mechanism to Verticillium wilt

Zhu

Zhao

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Cotton is widely grown in many countries around the world due to the huge economic value of the total natural fiber. Verticillium wilt, caused by the soil-borne pathogen Verticillium dahliae, is the most devastating disease that led to extensive yield losses and fiber quality reduction in cotton crops. Developing resistant cotton varieties through genetic engineering is an effective, economical, and durable strategy to control Verticillium wilt. However, there are few resistance gene resources in the currently planted cotton varieties, which has brought great challenges and difficulties for breeding through genetic engineering. Further revealing the molecular mechanism between V. dahliae and cotton interaction is crucial to discovering genes related to disease resistance. In this review, we elaborated on the pathogenic mechanism of V. dahliae and the resistance mechanism of cotton to Verticillium wilt. V. dahliae has evolved complex mechanisms to achieve pathogenicity in cotton, mainly including five aspects: (1) germination and growth of microsclerotia; (2) infection and successful colonization; (3) adaptation to the nutrient-deficient environment and competition of nutrients; (4) suppression and manipulation of cotton immune responses; (5) rapid reproduction and secretion of toxins. Cotton has evolved multiple physiological and biochemical responses to cope with V. dahliae infection, including modification of tissue structures, accumulation of antifungal substances, homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS), induction of Ca2+ signaling, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, hormone signaling, and PAMPs/effectors-triggered immune response (PTI/ETI). This review will provide an important reference for the breeding of new cotton germplasm resistant to Verticillium wilt through genetic engineering.

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Recognition of a Fungal Effector Potentiates Pathogen‐Associated Molecular Pattern‐Triggered Immunity in Cotton

Sun,

Li,

Zhong

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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Plants are equipped with multi‐layered immune systems that recognize pathogen‐derived elicitors to activate immunity. Verticillium dahliae is a soil‐borne fungus that infects a broad range of plants and causes devastating wilt disease. The mechanisms underlying immune recognition between plants and V. dahliae remain elusive. Here, a V. dahliae secretory protein, elicitor of plant defense gene (VdEPD1), acts as an elicitor that triggers defense responses in both Nicotiana benthamiana and cotton plants is identified. Targeted gene deletion of VdEPD1 enhances V. dahliae virulence in plants. Expression of VdEPD1 triggers the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of cell death in cotton plants. Gossypium barbadense EPD1‐interacting receptor‐like cytoplasmic kinase (GbEIR5A) and GbEIR5D interact with VdEPD1. Silencing of GbEIR5A/D significantly impairs VdEPD1‐triggered cell death in cotton plants, indicating the contribution of GbEIR5A/D to VdEPD1‐activated effector‐triggered immunity (ETI). VdEPD1 stimulates the expression of GbEIR5A and GbEIR5D in cotton plants. Interestingly, cotton plants with silenced GbEIR5A/D genes exhibit compromised pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)‐triggered ROS accumulation, whereas overexpression of GbEIR5A or GbEIR5D enhances PAMP‐induced ROS. These findings indicate that recognition of VdEPD1 potentiates GbEIRs to enhance cotton PAMP‐triggered immunity (PTI), uncovering a cooperative interplay of PTI and ETI in cotton.

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Verticillium dahliae Effector VdCE11 Contributes to Virulence by Promoting Accumulation and Activity of the Aspartic Protease GhAP1 from Cotton

Cited by 10 publications

References 66 publications

The secreted feruloyl esterase of Verticillium dahliae modulates host immunity via degradation of GhDFR

The secreted feruloyl esterase of Verticillium dahliae modulates host immunity via degradation of GhDFR

Interactions between Verticillium dahliae and cotton: pathogenic mechanism and cotton resistance mechanism to Verticillium wilt

Recognition of a Fungal Effector Potentiates Pathogen‐Associated Molecular Pattern‐Triggered Immunity in Cotton

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