<i>Vibrio cholerae</i>
            biofilm growth program and architecture revealed by single-cell live imaging

Yan, Jing; Sharo, Andrew G.; Stone, Howard A.; Wingreen, Ned S.; Bassler, Bonnie L.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1611494113

Cited by 167 publications

(232 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, in many cases, bacteria can develop three-dimensional multicellular structures [4,10,47]. Extending our work to three dimensions is nontrivial as many new features such as the cell-surface interaction resulting from symmetric or asymmetric adhesion of anisotropic bacteria with the substrate might also influence the structure of a colony [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphodynamics of a growing microbial colony driven by cell death

Ghosh

Levine

2017

Phys. Rev. E

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Bacterial cells can often self-organize into multicellular structures with complex spatiotemporal morphology. In this work, we study the spatiotemporal dynamics of a growing microbial colony in the presence of cell death. We present an individual-based model of nonmotile bacterial cells which grow and proliferate by consuming diffusing nutrients on a semisolid two-dimensional surface. The colony spreads by growth forces and sliding motility of cells and undergoes cell death followed by subsequent disintegration of the dead cells in the medium. We model cell death by considering two possible situations: In one of the cases, cell death occurs in response to the limitation of local nutrients, while the other case corresponds to an active death process, known as apoptotic or programmed cell death. We demonstrate how the colony morphology is influenced by the presence of cell death. Our results show that cell death facilitates transitions from roughly circular to highly branched structures at the periphery of an expanding colony. Interestingly, our results also reveal that for the colonies which are growing in higher initial nutrient concentrations, cell death occurs much earlier compared to the colonies which are growing in lower initial nutrient concentrations. This work provides new insights into the branched patterning of growing bacterial colonies as a consequence of complex interplay among the biochemical and mechanical effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphodynamics of a growing microbial colony driven by cell death

Ghosh

Levine

2017

Phys. Rev. E

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“…They crosslink together and make protective layer in which bacteria lives with slow metabolic rate (Mann et al ; Alhede et al ; Yan et al . ; Jamal et al ). This protective barrier of biofilms offer strong resistance against antibiotics, host immune response, degrading enzymes etc (Stewart and Costerton ; Shahwany et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biofilms are mainly composed of~96-97% of water and extra polymeric substances (~3-4%) (EPS layer) which includes polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). They crosslink together and make protective layer in which bacteria lives with slow metabolic rate (Mann et al 2009;Alhede et al 2011;Yan et al 2016;Jamal et al 2018). This protective barrier of biofilms offer strong resistance against antibiotics, host immune response, degrading enzymes etc (Stewart and Costerton 2001;Shahwany et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of sulphated polysaccharides extracted from green algaeChlamydomonas reinhardtii

Vishwakarma

Vavilala

2019

J Appl Microbiol

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Aim of the study In this study, antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of sulphated polysaccharides (SPs) extracted from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Cr) was evaluated against Neisseria mucosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp. and Bacillus subtilis. Methods and Results Antibacterial potential of Cr‐SPs was evaluated by agar‐cup diffusion, time‐kill and colony‐forming ability (CFU), minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration assays. Antibiofilm potential was evaluated by biofilm inhibition, eradication, extracellular‐DNA, metabolic activity and microscopy assays. Cr‐SPs at 0·5 mg ml−1 showed 34·52, 48·6, 66·1 and 55·6% reduced CFU in B. subtilis, Streptococcus, N. mucosa and E. coli respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration of Cr‐SPs was as low as 480 μg ml−1 for Streptococcus, N. mucosa and 420 μg ml−1 for B. subtilis and E. coli. At 1 mg ml−1, Cr‐SPs showed 50% biofilm inhibition, whereas 4–8 mg ml−1 showed 100% inhibition. Cr‐SPs also effectively dissolved preformed biofilms. Dose‐dependent reduction in extracellular DNA revealed that Cr‐SPs interacts with the extra polymeric substance of the biofilm and destroys them. Light microscopy reconfirmed the above results. Conclusion Cr‐SPs not only inhibited biofilm formation but also effectively dissolved preformed‐biofilms. Significance and Impact of the Study The current study showed the promising potential of Cr‐SPs as antibiofilm agents. Further validation will help in developing Cr‐SPs as natural antibiotics against biofilm‐causing bacteria.

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“…It has often been assumed that the key driver of the observed architecture of biofilms in flow is bulk deformation or erosion of biofilm biomass [16,19,20]. Using single-cell live imaging [21,22], we recently observed that cells within biofilms in high shear tend to align with the direction of fluid flow [17]. However, despite the extensive environmental relevance of flow-biofilm interactions, it has been unclear to what extent flow-induced cellular reorientations contribute to overall microscopic biofilm structure and macroscopic biofilm shape.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow-induced symmetry breaking in growing bacterial biofilms

Pearce

Song

Skinner

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Bacterial biofilms are matrix-bound multicellular communities. Biofilms represent a major form of microbial life on Earth and serve as a model active nematic system, in which activity results from growth of the rod-shaped bacterial cells. In their natural environments, from human organs to industrial pipelines, biofilms have evolved to grow robustly under significant fluid shear. Despite intense practical and theoretical interest, it is unclear how strong fluid flow alters the local and global architectures of biofilms. Here, we combine highly time-resolved single-cell live imaging with 3D multi-scale modeling to investigate the effects of flow on the dynamics of all individual cells in growing biofilms. Our experiments and cell-based simulations reveal that, in the initial stages of development, the flow induces a downstream gradient in cell orientation, causing asymmetrical droplet-like biofilm shapes. In the later stages, when the majority of cells are sheltered from the flow by the surrounding extracellular matrix, buckling-induced cell verticalization in the biofilm core restores radially symmetric biofilm growth, in agreement with predictions from a 3D continuum model.

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Vibrio cholerae biofilm growth program and architecture revealed by single-cell live imaging

Cited by 167 publications

References 44 publications

Morphodynamics of a growing microbial colony driven by cell death

Morphodynamics of a growing microbial colony driven by cell death

Evaluating the antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of sulphated polysaccharides extracted from green algaeChlamydomonas reinhardtii

Flow-induced symmetry breaking in growing bacterial biofilms

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