<i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>O3:K6 Epidemic Diarrhea, Chile, 2005

Cabello, Felipe C.; Espejo, Romilio T.; Hernández, María Cristina; Rioseco, María Luisa; Ulloa, Juanita; Vergara, José Antonio

doi:10.3201/eid1304.06-1152

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This might account for the outbreaks of diarrhea caused by V. parahaemolyticus during the summer of 2004 in Alaska (38) and also in southern Chile at Puerto Montt between 2004 and 2007, places where seawater temperatures are normally low and V. parahaemolyticus infection is very rare. In the latter situation, ϳ7,000 cases were reported, a rate which is perhaps due to climatic change, such as the warm ocean currents commonly referred to as the El Niño phenomenon (10,20,21,24). The arrival of El Niño waters to South America causes a general disruption of the environmental conditions of coastal areas, displacing the native species southward (4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 Present in the Coastal Environment of Northwest Mexico with Cases of Recurrent Diarrhea between 2004 and 2010

Velázquez-Román

León-Sicairos

Flores-Villaseñor

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 Present in the Coastal Environment of Northwest Mexico with Cases of Recurrent Diarrhea between 2004 and 2010

Velázquez-Román

León-Sicairos

Flores-Villaseñor

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Foodbome outbreaks due to Vibrio-contaminated seafood (including shrimp) have been reported from both tropical and temperate countries, such as Thailand (9), Indonesia (21), Mexico (5), and Chile (6). The ubiquitous nature of Vibrio spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Molecular Characteristics of Vibrio spp. Isolated from Preharvest Shrimp of the North Western Province of Sri Lanka

Koralage¹,

Alter²,

Pichpol

et al. 2012

Journal of Food Protection

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This study investigated the prevalence and molecular characteristics of Vibrio spp. in farmed shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in Sri Lanka. A total of 170 shrimp samples (100 g of whole shrimp each) taken from individual ponds from 54 farms were collected 1 week prior to harvest from the North Western Province of Sri Lanka. Overall, 98.1% of the farms and 95.1% of the ponds were positive for Vibrio spp. in shrimp; at the pond level, V. parahaemolyticus (91.2%) was most common, followed by V. alginolyticus (18.8%), V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 (4.1%), and V. vulnificus (2.4%). Multiple Vibrio spp. were detected in 20.6% of the ponds. None of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates (n = 419) were positive for the virulence-associated tdh (thermostable direct hemolysin) and trh (TDH-related hemolysin) genes. V. cholerae was confirmed by the presence of ompW, and all isolates (n = 8) were negative for the cholera toxin (ctxA) gene. V. cholerae isolates were serogrouped by PCR and identified as V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139. All four V. vulnificus strains, isolated from different ponds of two geographical regions, showed pathogenic potential; they belonged to vcgC sequence type, type B 16S rRNA genotype and contained a pilF polymorphism associated with human pathogenicity. The results of this study revealed the ubiquitous nature of vibrios in farmed shrimp. To minimize the potential risk of Vibrio infections due to handling or consumption of raw or undercooked seafood products, good manufacturing practices as well as proper handling and processing should be addressed.

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“…However, in recent years, the emergence of infections caused by V. parahaemolyticus in remote areas of Europe and America (14,15,23,24) has revealed the presence of the organism in regions where it had never previously been reported. The progressive spread of V. parahaemolyticus and its colonization of new areas has been related to an unusual increase in seawater temperatures in coastal zones (5,15,24). However, little information is available about the environmental variables governing the dynamics of V. parahaemolyticus populations in these areas of recent emergence.…”

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confidence: 99%

Environmental Determinants of the Occurrence and Distribution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Rias of Galicia, Spain

Martínez-Urtaza¹,

Lozano-León²,

Varela-Pet

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

137

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Infections associated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus on the coast of Galicia (in northwestern Spain) were reported to be linked to large outbreaks of illness during 1999 and 2000. Little information is available about the ecological factors that influence the emergence of V. parahaemolyticus infections in this temperate region. We carried out a 3-year study to investigate the occurrence and distribution of V. parahaemolyticus at 26 sites located in the four main rias of Galicia in association with environmental and oceanographic variables. V. parahaemolyticus was detected in all the areas investigated and throughout the complete period of study with an overall incidence of 12.5%. Salinity was the primary factor governing the temporal and spatial distribution of V. parahaemolyticus, whereas seawater temperature had a secondary effect and only modulated the abundance in periods and areas of reduced salinities. Higher occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus was observed during periods of lower salinity in autumn, with a total of 61 positive samples (18%) and a mean density of 1,234 most probable number/100 g. V. parahaemolyticus was primarily detected in areas of reduced salinity close to freshwater discharge points, where it was found in up to 45% of the samples. Characterization of the isolates obtained from the study resulted in the first identification of two pathogenic tdh-positive strains of V. parahaemolyticus recovered from the marine environment in Galicia. These isolates showed serotypes identical to and DNA profiles indistinguishable from those of the clinical clone of V. parahaemolyticus dominant in infections in Spain in the last 10 years.Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a natural inhabitant of the marine environments of coastal areas and estuaries worldwide. The presence of the organism has traditionally been confined to warm and temperate geographical areas (11). However, in recent years, the emergence of infections caused by V. parahaemolyticus in remote areas of Europe and America (14,15,23,24) has revealed the presence of the organism in regions where it had never previously been reported. The progressive spread of V. parahaemolyticus and its colonization of new areas has been related to an unusual increase in seawater temperatures in coastal zones (5,15,24). However, little information is available about the environmental variables governing the dynamics of V. parahaemolyticus populations in these areas of recent emergence.V. parahaemolyticus infections were rarely reported in Europe before 1998 (2). The presence of V. parahaemolyticus was reduced to sporadic cases reported in different countries without any evidence of epidemiological connection. The epidemiology of the organism in Europe changed significantly when a large number of illnesses associated with V. parahaemolyticus were reported in Galicia (in northwestern Spain) in 1999 and 2000. Isolates obtained from the outbreaks in Galicia and from hospitals in other regions of Spain were characteristically tdh positive, serotype O4:K11, and belonged to a di...

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Vibrio parahaemolyticusO3:K6 Epidemic Diarrhea, Chile, 2005

Cited by 29 publications

References 9 publications

Association of Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 Present in the Coastal Environment of Northwest Mexico with Cases of Recurrent Diarrhea between 2004 and 2010

Association of Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 Present in the Coastal Environment of Northwest Mexico with Cases of Recurrent Diarrhea between 2004 and 2010

Prevalence and Molecular Characteristics of Vibrio spp. Isolated from Preharvest Shrimp of the North Western Province of Sri Lanka

Environmental Determinants of the Occurrence and Distribution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Rias of Galicia, Spain

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