“…It produces secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins (Alarcon-Aguilar et al, 2005), flavonoids, phenols, (Zapata-Bustos et al, 2014) and cucurbitacins (Achenbach et al, 1993;Jard on-Delgado et al, 2014). Pharmacological studies show that plant root extracts display hypoglycemic and antiinflammatory (Alarcon-Aguilar et al, 2005;Jard on-Delgado et al, 2014;Rivera-Ramírez et al, 2011;Zapata-Bustos et al, 2014), antioxidant (Estrada-Zuñiga et al, 2012), antimicrobial (Robles-Zepeda et al, 2011), and antifungal activities (Ruiz-Bustos et al, 2009). A recent study conducted on human preadipocyte cells showed that aqueous root extracts from I. sonorae stimulate glucose uptake by a PI3K independent pathway (Zapata-Bustos et al, 2014).…”