Icariin Ameliorate Thiram-Induced Tibial Dyschondroplasia via Regulation of WNT4 and VEGF Expression in Broiler Chickens

Abstract

Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is main bone problem in fast growing poultry birds that effect proximal growth plate (GP) of tibia bone. TD is broadly defined as non-vascularized and non-mineralized, and enlarged GP with tibia bone deformation and lameness. Icariin (Epimedium sagittatum) is a traditional Chinese medicine, which is commonly practiced in the treatment of various bone diseases. Recently, many researcher reports about the beneficial effects of icariin in relation to various types of bone conditions but no report is available about promoting effect of icariin against TD. Therefore, current study was conducted to explore the ameliorating effect of icariin in thiram-induced TD chickens. A total of 180 broiler chicks were equally distributed in three groups; control, TD induced by thiram (50 mg/kg), and icariin group (treated with icariin @10 mg/kg). All groups were administered with normal standard diet ad libitum regularly until the end of experiment. The wingless-type member 4 (WNT4) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) genes and proteins expression were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis respectively. Tibial bone parameters, physiological changes in serum, antioxidant enzymes, and chicken growth performance were determined to assess advantage and protective effect of the medicine in broiler chicken. The expression of WNT4 was decreased while VEGF increased significantly (P < 0.05) in TD affected chicks. TD enhanced the GP, lameness, and irregular chondrocytes, while reduced the liver function, antioxidant enzymes in liver, and performance of chickens. Icariin treatment up-regulated WNT4 and down-regulated VEGF gene and protein expressions significantly (P < 0.05), restored the GP width, increased growth performance, corrected liver functions and antioxidant enzymes levels in liver, and mitigated the lameness in broiler chickens. In conclusion, icariin administration recovered GP size, normalized performance and prevented lameness significantly. Therefore, icariin treatments are encouraged to reduce the incidence of TD in broiler chickens.

The Investigation of the Relationship Between HSP-27 Release and Oxidative DNA Damage in Broiler Chickens with Tibial Dyschondroplasia by Using Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Methods

“…While extreme hypertrophy of chondrocytes increase in the number of immature chondrocytes, degeneration and necrosis of chondrocytes were observed in the tibiotarsal joint. This was accompanied by a vascularization (Rath et al, 2007 ve 5;Imık et al, 2012;Nabi et al, 2016b;Zhang et al, 2018). The histopathological findings observed in the broiler chickens with TD lesions in the present study were determined to be compatible with the findings of previous studies.…”

“…For this reason, the studies investigating the factors that are likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease are becoming prominent recently. In these studies, Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α), (Genin et al, 2008;Mehmood et al, 2017) vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (Zhang et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2018) and HSPs (Genin et al, 2012; release were shown by several genes (Tian et al, 2013(Tian et al, , 2014, biochemical and immunohistochemical methods in poultry with TD lesions (Genin et al, 2012;Rath et al, 2005;Nabi et al, 2016a,b;Shahzad et al, , 2015Iqbal et al, 2016).…”

Effect of Total Flavonoids of Rhizoma drynariae on Tibial Dyschondroplasia by Regulating BMP-2 and Runx2 Expression in Chickens

“…The control group was fed the full-price diet and free drinking water daily, and other groups were fed the full-fledged diet on the 3rd to the 7th day with 50 mg/kg Thiram. Furthermore, we used formulated diet according to Zhang et al (2018c) , which was also tested to eliminate the effect and influence of phytoestrogens in the diets from the effects of TFRD. From the 8th day, total of 50 chickens in the TFRD group were orally fed with 20 mg/kg/day TFRD until the end of the experiment.…”

Effect of Grape Seed Extract on Tibial Dyschondroplasia Incidence, Liver Weight, and Tibial Angiogenesis in Chickens

“…Recently, it is reported that TD accounts for 30% of all bone disorders in poultry with approximately 10% morbidity rate in China leading to substantial reduction in the farmer's profit margin (Zhang et al, 2018). Clinical and subclinical effects of TD include; reduced immunity, osteomyelitis, compromised growth rate and breast cyst formation, that ultimately reduce carcass and meat quality besides raising ethical and welfare issues (Tian et al 2013;Shahzad et al, 2014a;.…”

“…Clinical and subclinical effects of TD include; reduced immunity, osteomyelitis, compromised growth rate and breast cyst formation, that ultimately reduce carcass and meat quality besides raising ethical and welfare issues (Tian et al 2013;Shahzad et al, 2014a;. Thiram induces TD in chicks, affects liver health (Iqbal et al, 2016), checks the angiogenesis and disrupts the normal arrangement of chondrocytes (Zhang et al, 2018). These problems are well documented formerly but fundamental etiology is still not clear (Iqbal et al, 2016).…”