Ice Cover and Associated Water Structure in Lakes Baikal and Hovsgol from Satellite Observations and Field Studies

Kouraev, Alexei V.; Zakharova, Elena; Rémy, Frédérique; Kostianoy, Andrey G.; Shimaraev, M. N.; Hall, Nicholas M. J.; Suknev, Andrey Ya.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-94067-0_30

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Additionally, the seasonal ice-covered lake's high latitude and altitude influence its freezing. Its ice period is very long which can last from the beginning of November to the middle of June attested by previous studies [47].…”

Section: Background Of Lake Khovsgolmentioning

confidence: 55%

Dynamic Lake Ice Movement on Lake Khovsgol, Mongolia, Revealed by Time Series Displacements from Pixel Offset with Sentinel-2 Optical Images

Zhang

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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As one of the most sensitive indicators of global climate change, seasonal ice-covered lakes are attracting gaining attention worldwide. As a large seasonal ice-covered lake located in Northern Mongolia, Lake Khovsgol not only provides important freshwater resources for the local population but also serves as a means of water transportation in summer and an important land-based activity for residents in winter. In this study, we used the sub-pixel offset technique with multi-temporal Sentinel-2 optical images to estimate the time-series displacement of lake ice in Lake Khovsgol from 7 December 2020 to 17 June 2021. With the processing of 112 Sentinel-2 images, we obtained 27 pairs of displacement results at intervals of 5, 10, and 15 days. These lake ice movement results covered three stages from ice-on to ice-off. The first stage was the lake ice growth period, which lasted 26 days from 7 December 2020 to 3 January 2021. Ice formation started from the south and extended northward, with a displacement of up to 10 m in 5 days. The second stage was the active phase of the ice cover, which took place from 3 January 2021 to 18 April 2021. Maximum displacement values reached 12 m in the east and 11 m in the north among all observations. The value of the lake ice movement in the north–south direction (NS) was found to be larger than in the east–west direction (EW). The third stage was the melting period, which closed on 17 June 2021. In comparison to the freezing date of November in past years, our results demonstrate the ice-on date of Lake Khovsgol has been delayed to December, suggesting a possible reason that the seasonal ice-covered lake located at the middle latitude has been affected by global warming. In addition, the lake ice movement of our results can reveal the regional climate characteristic. This study is one of the few cases to reveal the distribution characteristics and changing trends of lake ice on the Mongolia Plateau, providing a rare reference for lake ice research in this region.

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Section: Background Of Lake Khovsgolmentioning

confidence: 55%

Dynamic Lake Ice Movement on Lake Khovsgol, Mongolia, Revealed by Time Series Displacements from Pixel Offset with Sentinel-2 Optical Images

Zhang

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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“…No ice rings have been observed in 2017 for Lake Baikal and no new ice rings for Lake Hovsgol. However, we have also discovered ice rings in a new water body—Lake Teletskoye (Kouraev et al , c , d ; Leech ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Extremely dangerous ice conditions in March 2016 show that apart from scientific interest in ice cover evolution and associated eddy dynamics, the presence of ice rings is a major concern for ensuring the safety of people traveling on ice (Kouraev et al , c , d ; Leech ). The difficulty of detecting weak ice in the ice rings, as compared to the much more common contraction of expansion cracks, and the unpredictability of their location from year to year underlines the need for better and timely communication on this natural phenomenon among nonscientists—fishermen, tourism agencies, tourists, journalists, local administration, and so on.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant ice rings on lakes and field observations of lens‐like eddies in the Middle Baikal (2016–2017)

Kouraev

Zakharova

Rémy

et al. 2019

Limnology & Oceanography

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Giant ice rings (diameter 5–7 km) detected on lakes Baikal (Russia) and Hovsgol (Mongolia) are a surface manifestation of intrathermocline lens‐like eddies under ice cover. By analyzing satellite imagery, we have detected new ice rings in 2016 and very old ones in 1969 for Lake Baikal. We have also discovered a giant ice ring on a new water body—Lake Teletskoye in the Altai Republic (Russia). Our recent field observations in the Middle Baikal have high temporal and spatial resolution and coverage and include temperature and current measurements over a long (1.5 month) period. In 2016, an eddy was detected in February and then an eddy and ice ring were detected in March at the same location. In 2017, another eddy was detected in February. This eddy was not stationary, as it was detected 6 km from its initial position in March, and thus no ice ring formed. The results of our field observations provide new data on the size and shape of the eddies. Indirect and direct measurements of currents and temporal evolution of the temperature field make it possible to estimate the rotation period (3 d) for the eddy in 2016 and assess the timing of movement, position, and displacement speed of the eddy in 2017. Thermal infrared Landsat imagery before ice formation in November–December 2015 shows that the eddy in 2016 was formed by the wind‐induced outflow from the Barguzin bay.

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“…These are rings of dark ice with a typical diameter or 5-7 km; they appear on ice cover of some large lakes in a seemingly unpredictable manner from year to year. Ice is thinner and appears darker in the ring region, and in the center and outside the ring ice is thicker and looks white like the surrounding undisturbed ice cover (Granin et al, 2015(Granin et al, , 2018Kouraev et al, 2016Kouraev et al, , 2018Kouraev et al, , 2019. Due to their large size one of the best ways to observe and analyse them is from satellite imagery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant ice rings in Southern Baikal: multi-satellite data help to study ice cover evolution and eddies under ice

Kouraev¹,

Zakharova²,

Kostianoy³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Ice cover on lakes is subject to atmospheric forcing from above and the influence of water dynamics and heat flux from below. One characteristic example of these influences in some large lakes, such as Lake Baikal in Russia, are the giant ice rings and the associated eddies under the ice cover. In April 2020 a giant ice ring appeared in Southern Baikal and a lens-like eddy was detected below the ice. We analysed the temporal evolution of ice cover using satellite images from multiple satellite missions – MODIS on Terra and Aqua, Sentinel-1 SAR, Sentinel 2 MSI, Landsat-8, PlanetScope, satellite photography from International Space Station, and radar altimetry data from Jason-3. Satellite imagery and meteorological data show an unusual temporal evolution of ice colour in April 2020, which was explained by water infiltration into the ice followed by the competing influences of cold air from above and the warm eddy below the ice. Tracking of ice floe displacement also makes it possible to estimate eddy currents and their influence on the upper water layer. Multi-satellite data contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of ice cover in the presence of eddies, role of eddies in horizontal and vertical heat and mass exchange and their impact on the chemistry and biology of the lakes and on human activity.

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Ice Cover and Associated Water Structure in Lakes Baikal and Hovsgol from Satellite Observations and Field Studies

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Dynamic Lake Ice Movement on Lake Khovsgol, Mongolia, Revealed by Time Series Displacements from Pixel Offset with Sentinel-2 Optical Images

Dynamic Lake Ice Movement on Lake Khovsgol, Mongolia, Revealed by Time Series Displacements from Pixel Offset with Sentinel-2 Optical Images

Giant ice rings on lakes and field observations of lens‐like eddies in the Middle Baikal (2016–2017)

Giant ice rings in Southern Baikal: multi-satellite data help to study ice cover evolution and eddies under ice

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